Valery L. Feigin, Melsew Dagnee Abate, Yohannes Habtegiorgis Abate, Samar Abd ElHafeez, Foad Abd-Allah, Ahmed Abdelalim, Atef Abdelkader, Michael Abdelmasseh, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Parsa Abdi, Arash Abdollahi, Meriem Abdoun, Rami Abd-Rabu, Deldar Morad Abdulah, Auwal Abdullahi, Mesfin Abebe, Roberto Ariel Abeldaño Zuñiga, E.S. Abhilash, Olugbenga Olusola Abiodun, Olumide Abiodun, Rahim Abo Kasem, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Mohamed Abouzid, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Woldu Aberhe Abrha, Dariush Abtahi, Samir Abu Rumeileh, Ahmed Abualhasan, Hasan Abualruz, Eman Abu-Gharbieh, Hana J. Abukhadijah, Niveen M.E. Abu-Rmeileh, Salahdein Aburuz, Ahmed Abu-Zaid, Juan Manuel Acuna, Denberu Eshetie Adane, Mesafint Molla Adane, Isaac Yeboah Addo, Rufus Adesoji Adedoyin, Oyelola A. Adegboye, Victor Adekanmbi, Kishor Adhikari, Qorinah Estiningtyas Sakilah Adnani, Saryia Adra, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Abdelrahman Yousry Afify, Aanuoluwapo Adeyimika Afolabi, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Shahin Aghamiri, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Aqeel Ahmad, Muayyad M. Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Shahzaib Ahmad, Tauseef Ahmad, Amir Mahmoud Ahmadzade, Ali Ahmed, Ayman Ahmed, Haroon Ahmed, Syed Anees Ahmed, Marjan Ajami, Budi Aji, Essona Matatom Akara, Rufus Olusola Akinyemi, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Ashley E. Akrami, Salah Al Awaidy, Hanadi Al Hamad, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Mohammad Al Qadire, Omar Al Ta'ani, Yazan Al-Ajlouni, Samer O. Alalalmeh, Tariq A. Alalwan, Ziyad Al-Aly, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer, Wafa A. Aldhaleei, Mohammed S. Aldossary, Seyedeh Yasaman Alemohammad, Bassam Al-Fatly, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Fadwa Naji Alhalaiqa, Maryam Alharrasi, Abid Ali, Mohammed Usman Ali, Rafat Ali, Syed Shujait Ali, Waad Ali, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Wael Almahmeed, Sabah Al-Marwani, Mahmoud A. Alomari, Jordi Alonso, Jaber S. Alqahtani, Rajaa M. Mohammad Al-Raddadi, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Mohammed A. Alsabri, Najim Z. Alshahrani, Zaid Altaany, Awais Altaf, Alaa B. Al-Tammemi, Diala Altwalbeh, Nelson Alvis-Guzman, Hassan Alwafi, Mohammad Al-Wardat, Yaser Mohammed Al-Worafi, Hany Aly, Safwat Aly, Mohammad Sharif Ibrahim Alyahya, Karem H. Alzoubi, Walid Adnan Al-Zyoud, Reza Amani, Prince M. Amegbor, Tewodros Getnet Amera, Tarek Tawfik Amin, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Sohrab Amiri, Hubert Amu, Dickson A. Amugsi, Ganiyu Adeniyi Amusa, Robert Ancuceanu, Deanna Anderlini, Dhanalakshmi Angappan, Abhishek Anil, Mohammed Tahir Tahir Ansari, Alireza Ansari-Moghaddam, Rockson Ansong, Saeid Anvari, Saleha Anwar, Sumadi Lukman Anwar, Ekenedilichukwu Emmanuel Anyabolo, Anayochukwu Edward Anyasodor, Geminn Louis Carace Apostol, Francis Appiah, Muhammad Aqeel, Jalal Arabloo, Razman Arabzadeh Bahri, Mosab Arafat, Aleksandr Y. Aravkin, Ali Ardekani, Demelash Areda, Brhane Berhe Aregawi, Getnet Mesfin Aregu, Olatunde Aremu, Hidayat Arifin, Johan Ärnlöv, Anton A. Artamonov, Judie Arulappan, Umesh Raj Aryal, Zahra Aryan, Akram M. Asbeutah, Mulusew A. Asemahagn, Mulu Tiruneh Asemu, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Mubarek Yesse Ashemo, Tahira Ashraf, Armin Aslani, Haftu Asmerom Asmerom, Thomas Astell-Burt, Seyyed Shamsadin Athari, Prince Atorkey, Maha Moh'd Wahbi Atout, Alok Atreya, Avinash Aujayeb, Marcel Ausloos, Abolfazl Avan, Hamzeh Awad, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Lemessa Assefa A. Ayana, Setognal Birara Aychiluhm, Amdehiwot A. Aynalem, Zewdu Bishaw Aynalem, Sina Azadnajafabad, Hiva Azami, Shahkaar Aziz, Ahmed Y. Azzam, Abraham Samuel Babu, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Muhammad Badar, Ashish D. Badiye, Pegah Bahrami Taghanaki, Saeed Bahramian, Ruhai Bai, Atif Amin Baig, Shankar M. Bakkannavar, Abdulaziz T. Bako, Ovidiu Constantin Baltatu, Kiran Bam, Maciej Banach, Morteza Banakar, Soham Bandyopadhyay, Palash Chandra Banik, Kannu Bansal, Yanping Bao, Miguel A. Barboza, Mainak Bardhan, Noel C. Barengo, Suzanne Lyn Barker-Collo, Till Winfried Barnighausen, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Amadou Barrow, Lingkan Barua, Azadeh Bashiri, Hameed Akande Bashiru, Afisu Basiru, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Sanjay Basu, Saurav Basu, Kavita Batra, Ahmet Begde, Babak Behnam, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Melesse B.Y. Belayneh, Michael Belingheri, Umar Muhammad Bello, Derrick A. Bennett, Isabela M. Bensenor, Fentaw Tadese Berhe, Amiel Nazer C. Bermudez, Habtamu B.B. Beyene, Kebede A. Beyene, Devidas S. Bhagat, Akshaya Srikanth Bhagavathula, Neeraj Bhala, Ashish Bhalla, Nikha Bhardwaj, Pankaj Bhardwaj, Sonu Bhaskar, Ajay Nagesh Bhat, Vivek Bhat, Gurjit Kaur Bhatti, Jasvinder Singh Singh Bhatti, Mohiuddin Ahmed Bhuiyan, Subarna Bhusal, Boris Bikbov, Cem Bilgin, Antonio Biondi, Keralem Anteneh Bishaw, Atanu Biswas, Bijit Biswas, Trupti Bodhare, Eyob Ketema Bogale, Archith Boloor, Milad Bonakdar Hashemi, Aime Bonny, Berrak Bora Basara, Hamed Borhany, Samuel Adolf Bosoka, Souad Bouaoud, Abdelhakim Bouyahya, Edward J. Boyko, Marija M. Bozic, Dejana Braithwaite, Susanne Breitner, Hermann Brenner, Gabrielle Britton, Andre R. Brunoni, Dana Bryazka, Raffaele Bugiardini, Lemma N. Bulto, Katrin Burkart, Yasser Bustanji, Zahid A. Butt, Florentino Luciano Caetano dos Santos, Luis Alberto Camera, Luciana Aparecida Campos, Ismael R. Campos-Nonato, Fan Cao, Angelo Capodici, Rosario Cardenas, Sinclair Carr, Giulia Carreras, Andre F. Carvalho, Felix Carvalho, Joao Mauricio Castaldelli-Maia, Carlos A. Castaneda-Orjuela, Giulio Castelpietra, Alberico L. Catapano, Maria Sofia Cattaruzza, Luca Cegolon, Francieli Cembranel, Edina Cenko, Ester Cerin, Joshua Chadwick, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Rama Mohan Chandika, Eeshwar K. Chandrasekar, Gashaw Sisay Chanie, Vijay Kumar Chattu, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Akhilanand Chaurasia, Haowei Chen, Mingling Chen, Simiao Chen, Gerald Chi, Fatemeh Chichagi, Ritesh Chimoriya, Patrick R. Ching, Abdulaal Chitheer, So Mi Jemma Cho, Dong-Woo Choi, Bryan Chong, Chean Lin Chong, Hitesh Chopra, Sonali Gajanan Choudhari, Rahul Choudhary, Dinh-Toi Chu, Isaac Sunday Chukwu, Sheng-Chia Chung, Zinhle Cindi, Iolanda Cioffi, Rebecca M. Cogen, Alyssa Columbus, Simona Costanzo, Rosa A.S. Couto, Michael H. Criqui, Natalia Cruz-Martins, Silvia Magali Cuadra-Hernandez, Alanna Gomes da Silva, Sriharsha Dadana, Omid Dadras, Xiaochen Dai, Koustuv Dalal, Lachlan L. Dalli, Giovanni Damiani, Emanuele D'Amico, Lalit Dandona, Rakhi Dandona, Amira Hamed Darwish, Saswati Das, Mohsen Dashti, Mohadese Dashtkoohi, Mohammad Dashtkoohi, Maedeh Dastmardi, Kairat Davletov, Vanessa De la Cruz-Gongora, Sean DeAngelo, Aklilu Tamire Debele, Shayom Debopadhaya, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Berecha Hundessa Demessa, Andreas K. Demetriades, Edgar Denova-Gutierrez, Emina Dervišević, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Aragaw Tesfaw Desale, Fikreab Desta, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Devananda Devegowda, Syed Masudur Rahman Dewan, Amol S. Dhane, Meghnath Dhimal, Vishal R. Dhulipala, Michael J. Diaz, Mengistie Diress, Milad Dodangeh, Phidelia Theresa Doegah, Sushil Dohare, Mohamed Fahmy Doheim, Klara Georgieva Dokova, Deepa Dongarwar, Mario D'Oria, Ojas Prakashbhai Doshi, Rajkumar Prakashbhai Doshi, Abdel Douiri, Robert Kokou Dowou, Ashel Chelsea Dsouza, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Viola Savy Dsouza, Bruce B. Duncan, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Michael Ekholuenetale, Ibrahim Farahat El Bayoumy, Maysaa El Sayed Zaki, Iffat Elbarazi, Faris El-Dahiyat, Islam Y. Elgendy, Muhammed Elhadi, Waseem El-Huneidi, Mohamed A. Elmonem, Adel B. Elmoselhi, Chadi Eltaha, Theophilus I. Emeto, Christopher Imokhuede Esezobor, Negin Esfandiari, Zahra Esmaeili, Francesco Esposito, Mohammad Etoom, Natalia Fabin, Ibtihal Fadhil, Adeniyi Francis Fagbamigbe, Omotayo Francis Fagbule, Shahriar Faghani, Ayesha Fahim, Ildar Ravisovich Fakhradiyev, Luca Falzone, Mohammad Fareed, Jawad Fares, Carla Sofia E. Sá Farinha, Moez Al Islam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, Pawan Sirwan Faris, Mohsen Farjoud Kouhanjani, Andre Faro, Hossein Farrokhpour, Abidemi Omolara Fasanmi, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Patrick Fazeli, Timur Fazylov, Alireza Feizkhah, Ginenus Fekadu, Xiaoqi Feng, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Getahun Fetensa, Bikila Regassa Feyisa, Florian Fischer, Luisa S. Flor, Kristen Marie Foley, Ana Catarina Fonseca, Roham Foroumadi, Behzad Foroutan, Daniela Fortuna, Matteo Foschi, Richard Charles Franklin, Ni Kadek Yuni Fridayani, G. Sridevi, Peter Andras Gaal, Abhay Motiramji Gaidhane, Abduzhappar Gaipov, Yaseen Galali, Silvano Gallus, Aravind P. Gandhi, Balasankar Ganesan, Danijela Gasevic, Prem Gautam, Rupesh K. Gautam, Miglas Welay Gebregergis, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Kebre Gebrekirstos Gebrekidan, Lemma Getacher, Genanew K. Getahun, Molla Getie, Delaram J. Ghadimi, Fataneh Ghadirian, Amir Ghaffari Jolfayi, Mansour Ghafourifard, Mohammad-Reza Ghasemi, Afsaneh Ghasemzadeh, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Ehsan Gholami, Zainab Gholami, Sherief Ghozy, Stefano Giannoni Luza, Jaleed Ahmed Gilani, Tiffany K. Gill, Richard F. Gillum, Ebisa Zerihun Gindaba, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Amit Goel, Mohamad Goldust, Mahaveer Golechha, Pouya Goleij, Davide Golinelli, Philimon N. Gona, Giuseppe Gorini, Alessandra C. Goulart, Barbara Niegia Garcia Goulart, Mahdi Gouravani, Michal Grivna, Giuseppe Grosso, Ashna Grover, Shi-Yang Guan, Giovanni Guarducci, Avirup Guha, Stefano Guicciardi, Snigdha Gulati, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Cui Guo, Zhifeng Guo, Anish Kumar Gupta, Bhawna Gupta, Mohak Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Rajat Das Gupta, Rajeev Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Farrokh Habibzadeh, Najah R. Hadi, Mohammad Haghani Dogahe, Hamed Haghi-Aminjan, Dariush Haghmorad, Arvin Haj-Mirzaian, Aram Halimi, Nadia M. Hamdy, Samer Hamidi, Erin B. Hamilton, Asif Hanif, Nasrin Hanifi, Graeme J. Hankey, Md Abdul Hannan, Zaim Anan Haq, Arief Hargono, Netanja I. Harlianto, Josep Maria Haro, Eka Mishbahatul Marah Has, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Ikramul Hasan, Md Saquib Hasnain, Ikrama Hassan, Mahgol Sadat Hassan Zadeh Tabatabaei, Johannes Haubold, Rasmus J. Havmoeller, Simon I. Hay, Youssef Hbid, Jeffrey J. Hebert, Omar E. Hegazi, Mohammad Heidari, Mehdi Hemmati, Demisu Zenbaba Heyi, Kamal Hezam, Yuta Hiraike, Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Ramesh Holla, Nobuyuki Horita, Md Mahbub Hossain, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Ahmad Hosseinzadeh Adli, Mihaela Hostiuc, Sorin Hostiuc, Ben Hu, Chengxi Hu, Junjie Huang, Ayesha Humayun, Salman Hussain, Le Duc Huy, Hong-Han Huynh, Bing-Fang Hwang, Segun Emmanuel Ibitoye, Nayu Ikeda, Adalia Ikiroma, Olayinka Stephen Ilesanmi, Irena M. Ilic, Milena D. Ilic, Mohammad Tarique Imam, Mustapha Immurana, Leeberk Raja Inbaraj, Muhammad Iqhrammullah, Arnaud Iradukunda, Lalu Muhammad Irham, Md Rabiul Islam, Faisal Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Hiroyasu Iso, Gaetano Isola, Ramaiah Itumalla, Masao Iwagami, Chidozie Declan C.D. Iwu, J. Vinothini, Jalil Jaafari, Louis Jacob, Abdollah Jafarzadeh, Haitham Jahrami, Akhil Jain, Nityanand Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, Abhishek Jaiswal, Mihajlo Jakovljevic, Reza Jalilzadeh Yengejeh, Balamurugan Janakiraman, Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau, Sathish Kumar Jayapal, Shubha Jayaram, Sun Ha Jee, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Mihretu Jegnie, Alelign Tasew Jema, Bijay Mukesh Jeswani, Angeline Jeyakumar, Anil K. Jha, Ravi Prakash Jha, Zixiang Ji, Heng Jiang, Shuai Jin, Yingzhao Jin, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B. Jonas, Tamas Joo, Jobinse Jose, Nitin Joseph, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Farahnaz Joukar, Jacek Jerzy Jozwiak, Mikk Jürisson, Ali Kabir, Md Awal Kabir, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, Rizwan Kalani, Sanjay Kalra, Vineet Kumar Kamal, Arun Kamireddy, Haidong Kan, Mona Kanaan, Himal Kandel, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Rami S. Kantar, Neeti Kapoor, Paschalis Karakasis, Ibraheem M. Karaye, André Karch, Hanie Karimi, Salah Eddin Karimi, Yeganeh Karimi, Arman Karimi Behnagh, Prabin Karki, Hengameh Kasraei, Joonas H. Kauppila, Harkiran Kaur, Neda Kaydi, Gbenga A. Kayode, Foad Kazemi, Sina Kazemian, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Yousef Saleh Khader, Morteza Abdullatif Khafaie, Inn Kynn Khaing, Himanshu Khajuria, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Nauman Khalid, Anees Ahmed Khalil, Asaduzzaman Khan, Fayaz Khan, M. Nuruzzaman Khan, Maseer Khan, Mohammad Jobair Khan, Moien A.B. Khan, Yusra H. Khan, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Khaled Khatab, Haitham Khatatbeh, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Sorour Khateri, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Maryam Khayamzadeh, Hamid Reza Khayat Kashani, Feriha Fatima Khidri, Manoj Khokhar, Atulya Aman Khosla, Majid Khosravi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Saeid Kian, Kwanghyun Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Kamrun Nahar Koly, Farzad Kompani, Shivakumar K.M. Marulasiddaiah Kondlahalli, Miikka Korja, Vladimir Andreevich Korshunov, Oleksii Korzh, Soewarta Kosen, Karel Kostev, Nikhil Kothari, Ashwin Laxmikant Kotnis, Sindhura Lakshmi Koulmane Laxminarayana, Kewal Krishan, Varun Krishna, Vijay Krishnamoorthy, Bindu Krishnan, Jera Kruja, Barthelemy Kuate Defo, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Md Abdul Kuddus, Mohammed Kuddus, Nuworza Kugbey, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Akshay Kumar, Ashish Kumar, Dewesh Kumar, G. Anil Kumar, Nithin Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Senthil D. Kumaran, Amartya Kundu, Satyajit Kundu, Setor K. Kunutsor, Om P. Kurmi, Dian Kusuma, L.V. Simhachalam Kutikuppala, Ambily Kuttikkattu, Ville Kytö, Carlo La Vecchia, Ben Lacey, Chandrakant Lahariya, Dharmesh Kumar Lal, Tea Lallukka, Judit Lám, Iván Landires, Anders O. Larsson, Savita Lasrado, Kaveh Latifinaibin, Paolo Lauriola, Pablo M. Lavados, Basira Kankia Lawal, Long Khanh Dao Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Paul H. Lee, Seung Won Lee, Wei-Chen Lee, Yo Han Lee, Ming-Chieh Li, Wei Li, Xiaopan Li, Yichong Li, Lee-Ling Lim, Stephen S. Lim, John C. Lin, Daniel Lindholm, Shai Linn, Gang Liu, Runben Liu, Shuke Liu, Xiaofeng Liu, Xuefeng Liu, Erand Llanaj, Chun-Han Lo, Warren David Lo, Valerie Lohner, José Francisco López-Gil, László Lorenzovici, Stefan Lorkowski, Paulo A. Lotufo, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Lisha Luo, Jay B. Lusk, Zheng Feei Ma, Monika Machoy, Farzan Madadizadeh, Ralph Maddison, Elham Mahmoudi, Golnaz Mahmoudvand, Omar M. Makram, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Kashish Malhotra, Ahmad Azam Malik, Iram Malik, Tauqeer Hussain Mallhi, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Abdullah A. Mamun, Yosef Manla, Mohammad Hadi Mansouri, Pejman Mansouri, Vahid Mansouri, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Lorenzo Giovanni Mantovani, Emmanuel Manu, Hamid Reza Marateb, Abdoljalal Marjani, Daniela Martini, Santi Martini, Miquel Martorell, Sharmeen Maryam, Roy Rillera Marzo, Awoke Masrie, Yasith Mathangasinghe, Pallab K. Maulik, Mahsa Mayeli, Mohsen Mazidi, Martin McKee, Steven M. McPhail, Enkeleint A. Mechili, Asim Mehmood, Kamran Mehrabani-Zeinabad, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Hadush Negash Meles, Walter Mendoza, Ritesh G. Menezes, George A. Mensah, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Atte Meretoja, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Tomislav Mestrovic, Chamila Dinushi Kukulege Mettananda, Tomasz Miazgowski, Irmina Maria Michalek, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Giuseppe Minervini, Le Huu Nhat Minh, G.K. Mini, Mojgan Mirghafourvand, Andreea Mirica, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Mohammad Mirza-Aghazadeh-Attari, Manish Mishra, Sanjeev Misra, Prasanna Mithra, Ahmed Ismail Mohamed, Jama Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Ameen Mosa Mohammad, Esmaeil Mohammadi, Saeed Mohammadi, Soheil Mohammadi, Abdollah Mohammadian-Hafshejani, Ibrahim Mohammadzadeh, Hussen Mohammed, Mustapha Mohammed, Salahuddin Mohammed, Shafiu Mohammed, Ali H. Mokdad, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Mariam Molokhia, Shaher Momani, Lorenzo Monasta, Mohammad Ali Moni, Fateme Montazeri, Amir Ali Moodi Ghalibaf, Mahmood Moosazadeh, Maryam Moradi, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Rafael Silveira Moreira, Shane Douglas Morrison, Reza Mosaddeghi Heris, Elias Mossialos, Parsa Mousavi, Ahmed Msherghi, Sumaira Mubarik, Lorenzo Muccioli, Admir Mulita, Malaisamy Muniyandi, Kavita Munjal, Efren Murillo-Zamora, Sathish Muthu, Woojae Myung, Amin Nabavi, Ashraf Fawzy Nabhan, Ayoub Nafei, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Pirouz Naghavi, Ganesh R. Naik, Gurudatta Naik, Mukhammad David Naimzada, Sanjeev Nair, Tapas Sadasivan Nair, Soroush Najdaghi, Hastyar Hama Rashid Najmuldeen, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Shumaila Nargus, Delaram Narimani Davani, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Gustavo G. Nascimento, Ali Nasrollahizadeh, Amir Nasrollahizadeh, Zuhair S. Natto, Javaid Nauman, Samidi Nirasha Kumari Navaratna, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Vinod C. Nayak, Athare Nazri-Panjaki, Rawlance Ndejjo, Ionut Negoi, Ruxandra Irina Negoi, Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi, Chakib Nejjari, Mohammad Hadi Nematollahi, Samata Nepal, Charles Richard James Newton, Dang H. Nguyen, Duc Hoang Nguyen, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Hien Quang Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y. Nguyen, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Van Thanh Nguyen, Robina Khan Niazi, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, Dina Nur Anggraini Ningrum, Chukwudi A. Nnaji, Lawrence Achilles Nnyanzi, Shuhei Nomura, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Bo Norrving, Nawsherwan Nawsherwan, Jean Jacques Noubiap, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, George Ntaios, Mpiko Ntsekhe, Fred Nugen, Mario Cesare Nurchis, Dieta Nurrika, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Kehinde O. Obamiro, Ismail A. Odetokun, Martin James O'Donnell, James Odhiambo Oguta, In-Hwan Oh, Tolulope R. Ojo-Akosile, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Sylvester Reuben Okeke, Akinkunmi Paul Okekunle, Lawrence Okidi, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Morteza Oladnabi, Andrew T. Olagunju, Muideen Tunbosun Olaiya, Oladotun Victor Olalusi, Tosin Abiola Olasehinde, Omotola O. Olasupo, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, Arão Belitardo Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes Oliveira, Abdulhakeem Abayomi Olorukooba, Isaac Iyinoluwa Olufadewa, Yinka Doris Doris Oluwafemi, Gideon Olamilekan Oluwatunase, Hany A. Omar, Ahmed Omar Bali, Adrienne E. O'Neil, Sok King Ong, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Abdulahi Opejin Opejin, Michal Ordak, Raffaele Ornello, Doris V. Ortega-Altamirano, Alberto Ortiz, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Wael M.S. Osman, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Mayowa O. Owolabi, Ifeoluwa Temitayo Oyeyemi, Ahmad Ozair, Mahesh P.A. Padukudru, Kevin Pacheco-Barrios, Alicia Padron-Monedero, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Tamás Palicz, Raul Felipe Palma-Alvarez, Feng Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Deepshikha Pande Katare, Anamika Pandey, Ashok Pandey, Seithikurippu R. Pandi-Perumal, Leonidas D. Panos, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, Paraskevi Papadopoulou, Shahina Pardhan, Pragyan Paramita Parija, Romil R. Parikh, Nicholas Parsons, Roberto Passera, Dimitrios Patoulias, Uttam Paudel, Shrikant Pawar, Amy E. Peden, Paolo Pedersini, Prince Peprah, Maria Odete Pereira, Mario F.P. Peres, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Norberto Perico, Simone Perna, Richard G. Pestell, Ionela-Roxana Petcu, Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha, Hoang Nhat Pham, Hoang Tran Pham, Michael R. Phillips, Thomas Pilgrim, Michael A. Piradov, Saeed Pirouzpanah, Evgenii Plotnikov, Dimitri Poddighe, Ramesh Poluru, Djordje S. Popovic, Maarten J. Postma, Akram Pourshams, Naeimeh Pourtaheri, Jalandhar Pradhan, Pranil Man Singh Pradhan, V. Prakash, Manya Prasad, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Dimas Ria Angga Pribadi, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Ibrahim Qattea, Gangzhen Qian, Yanan Qiao, Alberto Raggi, Pankaja Raghav Raghav, Pracheth Raghuveer, Fakher Rahim, Md Jillur Rahim, Mahban Rahimifard, Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar, Md Mosfequr Rahman, Mohammad Hifz Ur Rahman, Mosiur Rahman, Muhammad Aziz Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Mohammad Rahmanian, Nazanin Rahmanian, Vahid Rahmanian, Rahem Rahmati, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Gerard Marshall Raj, Sathish Rajaa, Vinoth Rajendran, Pushp Lata Rajpoot, Prashant Rajput, Pradhum Ram, Mahmoud Mohammed Ramadan, Majed Ramadan, Venkitachalam Ramanarayanan, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Sheena Ramazanu, Juwel Rana, Kritika Rana, Rishabh Kumar Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Nemanja Rancic, Amey Rane, Annemarei Ranta, Mithun Rao, Sowmya J. Rao, Sina Rashedi, Mohammad-Mahdi Rashidi, Ashkan Rasouli-Saravani, Devarajan Rathish, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Salman Rawaf, Christian Razo, Murali Mohan Rama Krishna Reddy, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Inayat Ur Rehman, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Nazila Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Hossein Rezazadeh, Taeho Gregory Rhee, Mavra A. Riaz, Antonio Luiz P. Ribeiro, Monica Rodrigues, Thales Philipe R. Rodrigues da Silva, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Leonardo Roever, Debby Syahru Romadlon, Allen Guy Ross, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Bedanta Roy, Priyanka Roy, Simanta Roy, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Michele Russo, Godfrey M. Rwegerera, S.N. Chandan, Aly M.A. Saad, Korosh Saber, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Cameron John Sabet, Siamak Sabour, Simona Sacco, Basema Ahmad Saddik, Erfan Sadeghi, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Sher Zaman Zaman Safi, Rajesh Sagar, Alireza Saghafi, Dominic Sagoe, Fatemeh Saheb Sharif-Askari, Amirhossein Sahebkar, Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo, Soumya Swaroop Sahoo, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Luciane B. Salaroli, Mohamed A. Saleh, Mohammed Z.Y. Salem, Giovanni A. Salum, Sara Samadzadeh, Saad Samargandy, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Vijaya Paul Samuel, Abdallah M. Samy, Juan Sanabria, Itamar S. Santos, Milena M. Santric-Milicevic, Made Ary Sarasmita, Aswini Saravanan, Yaser Sarikhani, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C. Sarode, Maheswar Satpathy, Zafer Sattouf, Ganesh Kumar Saya, Md Abu Sayeed, Mehdi Sayyah, Benedikt Michael Schaarschmidt, Markus P. Schlaich, Maria Inês Schmidt, Ione Jayce Ceola Schneider, Art Schuermans, Austin E. Schumacher, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, David C. Schwebel, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Parijat Sen, Sabyasachi Senapati, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Mihretu Tagesse Sergindo, Yashendra Sethi, Allen Seylani, Mahan Shafie, Pritik A. Shah, Saeed Shahabi, Ataollah Shahbandi, Samiah Shahid, Hamid R. Shahsavari, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Masood Ali Shaikh, Ali S. Shalash, Muhammad Aaqib Shamim, Mehran Shams-Beyranvand, Anas Shamsi, Alfiya Shamsutdinova, Mohd Shanawaz, Mohammed Shannawaz, Medha Sharath, Amin Sharifan, Azam Sharifi, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Anupam Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Sourabh Sharma, Ujjawal Sharma, Vishal Sharma, Rahim Ali Sheikhi, Adithi Shetty, Mahabalesh Shetty, Premalatha K. Shetty, Desalegn Shiferaw, Mika Shigematsu, Tariku Shimels, Min-Jeong Shin, Rahman Shiri, Aminu Shittu, Abdul-Karim Olayinka Shitu, Ivy Shiue, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Sunil Shrestha, Kerem Shuval, Yafei Si, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Mithun Sikdar, João Pedro Silva, Luís Manuel Lopes Rodrigues Silva, Abhinav Singh, Baljinder Singh, Garima Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Jasvinder A. Singh, Kuldeep Singh, Narinder Pal Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Puneetpal Singh, Jussi O.T. Sipilä, Shravan Sivakumar, Valentin Yurievich Skryabin, Anna Aleksandrovna Skryabina, David A. Sleet, Farrukh Sobia, Bogdan Socea, Abdullah Al Mamun Sohag, Ranjan Solanki, Shipra Solanki, Yerukneh Solomon, Yi Song, Soroush Soraneh, Reed J.D. Sorensen, Houman Sotoudeh, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Michael Spartalis, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Suresh Kumar Srinivasamurthy, Panagiotis Stachteas, Lauryn K. Stafford, Benjamin A. Stark, Antonina V. 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Yu, Ke Yun, Hadiza Yusuf, Siddhesh Zadey, Nima Zafari, Burhan Abdullah Zaman, Sojib Bin Zaman, Aurora Zanghi, Iman Zare, Fatemeh Zarimeidani, Armin Zarrintan, Michael Zastrozhin, Dawit Zemedikun, Youjie Zeng, Beijian Zhang, Haijun Zhang, Liqun Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Hanqing Zhao, Claire Chenwen Zhong, Shang Cheng Zhou, Bin Zhu, Lei Zhu, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Makan Ziafati, Magdalena Zielińska, Yossef Teshome Zikarg, Ghazal Zoghi, Sa'ed H. Zyoud, Samer H. Zyoud, Catherine O. Johnson, Gregory A. Roth, Balakrishnan Sukumaran Nair, Ilari Rautalin, Anjali Bhati, Catherine Bisignano, Theo Vos, Christopher J.L. Murray
Background: Up-to-date estimates of stroke burden and attributable risks and their trends at global, regional, and national levels are essential for evidence-based health care, prevention, and resource allocation planning. We aimed to provide such estimates for the period 1990–2021. Methods: We estimated incidence, prevalence, death, and disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) counts and age-standardised rates per 100 000 people per year for overall stroke, ischaemic stroke, intracerebral haemorrhage, and subarachnoid haemorrhage, for 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2021. We also calculated burden of stroke attributable to 23 risk factors and six risk clusters (air pollution, tobacco smoking, behavioural, dietary, environmental, and metabolic risks) at the global and regional levels (21 GBD regions and Socio-demographic Index [SDI] quintiles), using the standard GBD methodology. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In 2021, stroke was the third most common GBD level 3 cause of death (7·3 million [95% UI 6·6–7·8] deaths; 10·7% [9·8–11·3] of all deaths) after ischaemic heart disease and COVID-19, and the fourth most common cause of DALYs (160·5 million [147·8–171·6] DALYs; 5·6% [5·0–6·1] of all DALYs). In 2021, there were 93·8 million (89·0–99·3) prevalent and 11·9 million (10·7–13·2) incident strokes. We found disparities in stroke burden and risk factors by GBD region, country or territory, and SDI, as well as a stagnation in the reduction of incidence from 2015 onwards, and even some increases in the stroke incidence, death, prevalence, and DALY rates in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania, countries with lower SDI, and people younger than 70 years. Globally, ischaemic stroke constituted 65·3% (62·4–67·7), intracerebral haemorrhage constituted 28·8% (28·3–28·8), and subarachnoid haemorrhage constituted 5·8% (5·7–6·0) of incident strokes. There were substantial increases in DALYs attributable to high BMI (88·2% [53·4–117·7]), high ambient temperature (72·4% [51·1 to 179·5]), high fasting plasma glucose (32·1% [26·7–38·1]), diet high in sugar-sweetened beverages (23·4% [12·7–35·7]), low physical activity (11·3% [1·8–34·9]), high systolic blood pressure (6·7% [2·5–11·6]), lead exposure (6·5% [4·5–11·2]), and diet low in omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (5·3% [0·5–10·5]). Interpretation: Stroke burden has increased from 1990 to 2021, and the contribution of several risk factors has also increased. Effective, accessible, and affordable measures to improve stroke surveillance, prevention (with the emphasis on blood pressure, lifestyle, and environmental factors), acute care, and rehabilitation need to be urgently implemented across all countries to reduce stroke burden. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; School of Health Systems and Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Third Department of Neurology, Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Nursing, Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement, Aleta Wondo General Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Neurology Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Tropical Health Department, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pathology, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Neurology, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Internal Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Public Health and Community Medicine Department, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Mathematics and Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Sciences, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center (NDRC), Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Department of Surgery, Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Pediatrics, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada; Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Health Management and Economics Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Radiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cardiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrine Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Echocardiography, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Eye Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Health Economics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Anesthesiology, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicine, University of Setif Algeria, Sétif, Algeria; Department of Health, Sétif, Algeria; Evidence-Based Practice Center, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Departments of Radiology and Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Informatics and Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Community and Maternity Nursing Unit, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq; College of Medicine, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq; Basic Sciences Department, University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq; Department of Physiotherapy, Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria; Department of Physiotherapy, Federal University Wukari, Wukari, Nigeria; Department of Midwifery, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; Postgraduate Department, University of Sierra Sur, Miahuatlan de Porfirio Diaz, Mexico; Yhteiskuntadatatieteen Keskus (Center for Social Data Science), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Botany, Sree Narayana Guru College Chelannur, Kozhikode, India; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal Medical Centre, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria; Department of Neurosurgery, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States; Department of Surgery, Damascus University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; Department of Family and Community Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Department of Pediatric Dentistry, the School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; School of Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Maternal-Child Nursing and Public Health, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Applied Nursing, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Centre of Telehealth, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Vaccination Research Observatory, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Department of Adult Health Nursing, Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia; Department of Anesthesiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biotechnology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Urology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Internal Medicine Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Obesity Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Social Determinants of Health, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurosurgery, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Skull Base Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Immunology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medical Education, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Saale, Halle, Germany; Department of Nursing, Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Clinical Department, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Mathematics, The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Clinical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Basic Medical Sciences Department, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Science, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Sharjah Institute of Medical Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Academic Health System, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Geriatric and Long Term Care, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Rumailah Hospital, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Institute of Community and Public Health, Birzeit University, Ramallah, Palestine; Department of Therapeutics, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Institute of Public Health, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Family Medicine Department, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Medicine, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Pharmacy, Alfaisal University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee, Memphis, TN, United States; Department of Clinical Medicine, American University of Antigua, Coolidge, Antigua and Barbuda; FIU Robert Stempel College of Public Health & Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Translational Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Anesthesia and Critical Care, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Debre Tabor University, Debre Tabor, Ethiopia; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Health Promotion and Behavioural Science, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Architecture, Design, and Planning, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Westmead Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Social Research in Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Public Health and Community Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Risk and Actuarial Studies, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Rehabilitation, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Department of Animal Sciences, Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile-Ife, Nigeria; Menzies School of Health Research, Charles Darwin University, Darwin, NT, Australia; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Department of Family Medicine, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Department of Community Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Bharatpur, Nepal; Public Health Section, Himalayan Environment and Public Health Network (HEPHN), Chitwan, Nepal; Department of Public Health, Universitas Padjadjaran, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, Indonesia; Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation, Universitas Padjadjaran (Padjadjaran University), Bandung, Indonesia; Technical Services Directorate, MSI Nigeria Reproductive Choices, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Life Sciences, University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Community Medicine, King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Public Health, Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Geography and Planning, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Biomedical Engineering, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Biochemistry, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacology, Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; Department of Health and Biological Sciences, Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Department of Natural Sciences, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Medical Oncology, Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Community Medicine and Preventive Health, King Edward Medical University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China; Department of Neuroscience, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Informatics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Clinial Research Development Unit, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Medical Genetics, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacy Practice, Riphah Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Islamabad, Pakistan; Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health (IDGPH), University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, United States; Institute of Endemic Diseases, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Unit of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Biosciences, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States; Department of Geography, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States; Faculty of Medicine and Public Health, Jenderal Soedirman University, Purwokerto, Indonesia; Moyen Mono Health District, Ministry of Health, Tohoun, Togo; Institute for Advanced Medical Research and Training, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Health Promotion and Education, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; College of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Faculty of Public Health, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Institute of Neuroscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Department of Cardiology, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Health Management Center, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States; Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Neurological Surgery, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Centre of Studies and Research, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Middle East, Eurasia, and Africa Influenza Stakeholders Network, Muscat, Oman; Department of Surgery, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States; Department of Research and Development, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, United States; Al Al-Bayt University, Mafraq, Jordan; Department of Internal Medicine, Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, United States; Department of Biology, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain; College of Health and Sport Sciences, University of Bahrain, Zallaq, Bahrain; Clinical Epidemiology Center, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St Louis, MO, United States; School of Nursing, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Basic Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Translational Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Engineering, Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States; General Directorate of Research and Studies, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Neurology, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Institute of Public Health, Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; College of Nursing, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Department of Population Medicine, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; QU Health, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Social and Economic Survey Research Institute, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Psychological Sciences Association, Amman, Jordan; Adult Health and Critical Care Department, Sultan Qabos University, Alseeb, Oman; Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan; Department of Medical Rehabilitation (Physiotherapy), University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration, University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; School of Nursing, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong; Department of Biosciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences (CIRBSc), Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology, University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan; Department of Geography, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Adult Health and Critical Care, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Maternal and Child Health, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; Department of Nuclear Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medical Radiation Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Division of Community Medicine and Public Health, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding, National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia; Department of Cardiology, Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute, Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; College of Medicine and Health Sciences Academic Programs, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Biology, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Dentistry, Sana'a, Yemen; Irbid, Jordan; Department of Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences and Physical Therapy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Allied Medical Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Department of Public Health, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Research Program of Epidemiology and Public Health, Hospital del Mar Research Institute Barcelona (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Experimental and Health Sciences, Biomedical Research Networking Center in Epidemiology and Public Health (CiberESP), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Respiratory Care, Prince Sultan Military College of Health Sciences, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Community Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physical Therapy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Rabigh Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Dental Public Health, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Sana'a University, Sanaa, Yemen; Pediatric Emergency Medicine Department, St. Christopher's Hospital for Children, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; University Institute of Radiological Sciences and Medical Imaging Technology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Oral Biology, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; University Institute of Public Health, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; University Institute of Diet and Nutritional Sciences, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Research Centre for Health Sciences (RCHS), The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Lahore Business School, The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Research, Policy, and Training Directorate, Jordan Center for Disease Control, Amman, Jordan; Applied Science Research Center, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Allied Medical Science, Al-Balqa Applied University, Karak, Jordan; Research Group in Health Economics, Universidad de Cartagena (University of Cartagena), Cartagena, Colombia; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies, Universidad de la Costa (University of the Coast), Barranquilla, Colombia; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medical Sciences, Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen; Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Pediatrics, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Thoracic Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Center for Primary Care, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biomedical Engineering, German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Health Policy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Health Information Management, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Medical School, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Epilepsy Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Biostatistics, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; School of Global Public Health, New York University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Public Health, Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Health Policy and Management, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Division of Cardiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of International Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Quran and Hadith Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing, African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Medicine, University of Jos, Jos, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, Jos University Teaching Hospital, Jos, Nigeria; Faculty of Pharmacy, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Internal Medicine, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of General Surgery, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Dermatology, Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Centre for Sensorimotor Performance, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Poche Centre for Indigenous Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Neurology Department, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Child Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, United States; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Anatomy, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; School of Public Health, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Cardiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Surgical Oncology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Pharmacology and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India; School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia, Semenyih, Malaysia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Health Promotion, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Health Promotion Research Center, Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Urban Public Health, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States; Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-disciplinary Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Social Medicine and Epidemiology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Brachial Plexus and Peripheral Nerve Injury Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Caspian Digestive Disease Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Department of Ophthalmology, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; School of Chemical and Life Sciences (SCLS), Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India; Department of Surgery, Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Operations Department, Breast Without Spot, Enugu, Nigeria; Rural Health Research Institute, Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines; Inter-Agency Committee on Environmental Health, Department of Health Philippines, Manila, Philippines; Department of Social Sciences, Berekum College of Education, Berekum, Ghana; School of Public Health, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Department of Psychology, Foundation University Islamabad, Rawalpandi, Pakistan; Urology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Dental Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Scientific Research, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS (IRCHA), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of obstetrics and Gynecology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Interdisciplinary Neuroscience Research Program, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Surgery, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Virology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiovascular Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatric Cardiology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Digestive Diseases Research Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Physiotherapy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Waraffected People, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center (PSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pathology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; AAU Health and Biomedical Research Center, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; College of Art and Science, Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States; School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Midwifery, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, Birmingham City University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Epidemiology Population Biostatistics and Health Promotion, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Advanced Nursing, Universitas Airlangga (Airlangga University), Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; School of Health and Social Studies, Dalarna University, Falun, Sweden; Institute for Biomedical Problems, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Research, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal; Research Department, Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Radiologic Sciences, Kuwait University, Sulaibikhat, Kuwait; Cabrini Research, Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia; Department of Public Health, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Health Behavior and Society, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Institute of Health Science, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Epidemiology, Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia; Public health, Wachemo University, Hossana, Ethiopia; Department of Aging Research Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Immunology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Virology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Department of Radiology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Molecular Medicine Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; School of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Department of Health Policy and Management, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; School of Public Health, Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Department of Immunology, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Nursing, Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan; Department of Forensic Medicine, Lumbini Medical College, Palpa, Nepal; Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; School of Business, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Department of Statistics and Econometrics, Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Robarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada; Department of Health Sciences, Higher College of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; School of Nursing and Public Health, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa; Department of Public Health, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmacy, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Department of Nursing, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Institute of Health Sciences, Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; Institute of Public Health, Gondar University, Gondar, Ethiopia; School of Nursing, Hawassa University, Hawassa, Ethiopia; Department of Nursing, Injibara University, Injibara, Ethiopia; Leeds Institute of Rheumatic and Musculoskeletal Medicine, University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan; Montefiore-Einstein Cerebrovascular Research Lab, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States; Faculty of Medicine, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt; Department of Cardiology, October 6 University, 6th of October City, Egypt; Department of Physiotherapy, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Prasanna School of Public Heath (PSPH), Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Department of Forensic Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Manipal TATA Medical College, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan; Department of Forensic Science, Government Institute of Forensic Science Nagpur, Nagpur, India; Rashtrasant Tukadoji Maharaj Nagpur University, Nagpur, India; School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Cardiology Department, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Heart Failure Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Faculty of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Physiology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Medical Physics, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; School of Public Affairs, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; International Medical School, Management and Science University, Alam, Malaysia; Department of Neurosurgery, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), Anhembi Morumbi University, São José dos Campos, Brazil; Department of Medicine, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Stroke and Ageing Research Group, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Hypertension, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland; Polish Mothers' Memorial Hospital Research Institute, Lodz, Poland; Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Department of Non-communicable Diseases, Bangladesh University of Health Sciences, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Neurology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, United States; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Saint Vincent Hospital, Worcester, MA, United States; National Institute on Drug Dependence, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Peking University, Beijing, China; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosciences, Costa Rican Department of Social Security, San Jose, Costa Rica; School of Medicine, University of Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica; Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Interventional Radiology, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States; School of Psychology, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; School of Pharmacy, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Ophthalmology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Department of Public and Environmental Health, University of The Gambia, Banjul, Gambia; Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Surgery and Cancer, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Primary Care and Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Academics, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gurgaon, India; Department of Medical Education, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Department of Social and Behavioral Health, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom; Avicenna Biotech Research, Germantown, MD, United States; Department of Regulatory Affairs, Amarex Clinical Research, Germantown, MD, United States; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, Tehran, Iran; Department of Epidemiology, Tehran, Iran; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran; Department of Public Health, University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano -Bicocca, Milano, Italy; Direzione Sanitaria (Department of Health Management), Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy; Department of Physiotherapy and Paramedicine, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Center for Clinical and Epidemiological Research, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; Department of Environmental Health, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; School of Dentistry and Oral Health, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Department of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; The Warren Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; Metabolomics Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Hypertension and Kidney Disease Laboratory, Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Microbiology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Laboratory Science, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Anatomy, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences, University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Forensic Chemistry, Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, Aurangabad, India; Department of Public Health, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India; Global Health Neurology Lab, NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Division of Cerebrovascular Medicine and Neurology, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan; Department of General Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Department of Internal Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Department of Community Medicine, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Manipal College of Dental Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Department of Internal Medicine, St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; Department of Medical Lab Technology, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India; University Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Mohali, India; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Department of Biochemistry, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Department of Zoology, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Department of Pharmacy, University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Surgery, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Scientific-Tools.Org, Bergamo, Italy; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States; Neurovascular Research Laboratory, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia", University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Department of Midwifery, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; Department of Neurology, Institute of Post-Graduate Medical Education and Research, Seth Sukhlal Karnani Memorial Hospital, Kolkata, India; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India; Department of Community & Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Tamil Nadu, Ramanathapuram, India; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Douala, Douala, Cameroon; Department of Cardiology, Centre Hospitalier Montfermeil (Montfermeil Hospital Center), Montfermeil, France; General Directorate of Health Information Systems, Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Disease Surveillance Department, Ghana Health Service, Ho, Ghana; Department of Medicine, University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria; Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria; Department of Biology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, Rabat, Morocco; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, Sunway, Malaysia; General Medicine Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, United States; Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Public Health and Health Management, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; University Eye Hospital, Clinical Center of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Cancer Population Sciences Program, University of Florida Health Cancer Center, Gainesville, FL, United States; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometry, and Epidemiology, LMU Munich, Neuherberg, Germany; Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München (German Research Center for Environmental Health), Neuherberg, Germany; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; Center for Neuroscience, Institute for Scientific Research and High Technology Services, Panama City, Panama; Gorgas Memorial Institute for Health Studies, Panama City, Panama; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; School of Public Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Al Shifa School of Public Health, Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Department of Internal Medicine, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires (Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires), Buenos Aires, Argentina; Board of Directors, Argentine Society of Medicine, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center of Innovation, Technology and Education (CITE), São José dos Campos Technology Park, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil; Center for Nutrition and Health Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Center for Health Systems Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Center for Evaluation and Surveys Research, National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Institute of Ophthalmology, Beijing, China; Department of Health Management (Direzione Sanitaria), IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, Bologna, Italy; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Health Science, Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy; Department of Health Care, Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico; Oncological Network, Prevention and Research Institute, Florence, Italy; Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation (IMPACT), Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences (UCIBIO), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; Colombian National Health Observatory, Instituto Nacional de Salud, Bogota, Colombia; Epidemiology and Public Health Evaluation Group, National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia; Centre Neuchatelois de Psychiatrie, Marin-Epagnier, Switzerland; Mental Health Flagship, World Health Organization (WHO), Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Pharmacological and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy; MultiMedica Sesto San Giovanni IRCCS, Sesto San Giovanni, Italy; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; Public Health Unit, University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy; Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Urban Planning and Design, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Noncommunicable Diseases Division, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India; Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India; Department of Biotechnology, Adamas University, Kolkata, India; Institute for Skeletal Aging & Orthopedic Surgery, Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea; State Disease Investigation Laboratory, Animal Resources Development Department, Agartala, India; Cardio-Oncology Research Unit, Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong; Department of Clinical Nutrition, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Epidemiology, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Health Informatics, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Health Education and Promotion, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; School of Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Department of Human Physiology, University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Division of Neurology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Sawangi, India; Department of Biology, Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Oral Medicine and Radiology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India; Department of Neurology, King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India; Clinical Research Center, Zhujiang hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Endocrine and Metabolic Diseases, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Division of Infectious Diseases, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Iraq Field Epidemiology Training Program (I-FETP), Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq; Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Cambridge, MA, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Cardiovascular Research Center, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Radiology, Boston, MA, United States; Division of Cardiology, Boston, MA, United States; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Cancer Big Data Center, National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea; Department of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore; RIPAS Hospital, University of Brunei Darussalam, BSB, Brunei Darussalam; Centre for Research Impact & Outcome, Chitkara University, Rajpura, India; Department of Community Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru Medical College, Wardha, India; Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University Hanoi (VNUIS), Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Paediatric Surgery, Federal Medical Centre, Umuahia, Nigeria; Department of Health Informatics, University College London, London, United Kingdom; Health Data Research UK, London, United Kingdom; Department of Genetics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology, and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA, United States; Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Technologies, Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politecnico e Universitario (Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative), Vila Nova de Famalicao, Portugal; Department of Internal Medicine, Cheyenne Regional Medical Center, Cheyenne, WY, United States; Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Department of Psychosocial Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Institute for Health Sciences, Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden; Department of Dermatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Harrington Heart and Vascular Institute, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Quantitative Health Science, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Neonatology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Department of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India; Non-communicable Diseases Division (NCD), Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Biostatistics, Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Department of Biochemistry, Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Delhi, India; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Vali-E-Asr Reproductive Health Research Center, Tehran, Iran; Health Research Institute, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; the scientific and technological park, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Atchabarov Scientific-Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Science Department, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; National Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine named after B. Atchabarov, Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Internal Medicine, John H. Stroger, Jr. Hospital of Cook County, Chicago, IL, United States; Medical College, Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States; School of Medicine, University of Colima, Colima, Mexico; Department of Research, Colima State Cancer Institute, Colima, Mexico; USAID-JSI Digital Health Activity, Jimma University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Neurosurgery, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; The Centre for Global Health, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurosurgery, National Health Service (NHS) Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Research, Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, G.K. General Hospital, Bhuj, India; Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Goba, Ethiopia; Chettinad Hospital & Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India; JSS Medical College Department of Biochemistry, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India; Department of Pharmacy, United International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Pharmacology Division, Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Research and Development Cell, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology, Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India; Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; The Zena and Michael A. Wiener Cardiovascular Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Cardiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Department of Social Medicine and Health Care Organisation, Medical University of Varna, Varna, Bulgaria; Health Science Center, University of Texas, Houston, TX, United States; Cardio-Thoraco-Vascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy; South Plainfield, NJ, United States; Department of Cardiology, St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, United States; School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Course & Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; School of Lifecourse and population sciences, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, India; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry and Legal Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; School of Medicine, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Department of Internal Medicine, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública (Bahiana School of Medicine and Public Health), Salvador, Brazil; Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Faculty of Science and Health, University of Portsmouth, Hampshire, United Kingdom; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Texila American University, Tanta, Egypt; School of Public Health, Texila American University, Guyana, Guyana; Department of Clinical Pathology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Cardiology, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Clinical Pharmacy Program, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; Faculty of Medicine, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya; Department of Radiology, University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya; Egypt Center for Research and Regenerative Medicine (ECRRM), Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pediatrics, Texas A&M University, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Townsville, QLD, Australia; College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences, Townsville, QLD, Australia; James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Psychiatry, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Paediatrics, Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Lagos, Nigeria; Division of Epidemiology, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran; Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche e Neuromotorie (DIBINEM), University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Bologna, Italy; Division of Non-Communicable Diseases, Ministry of Public Health and Population, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Research Centre for Healthcare and Community, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Neurology, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University College Hospital, Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Pascale, Naples, Italy; Center for Global Health Research, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India; Dissemination Division, National Institute of Statistics, Lisbon, Portugal; Activity Planning and Control Unit, Directorate-General of Health (DGS), Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Biology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Food Technology, Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Biology, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Psychology, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Satcher Health Leadership Institute, Morehouse School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; School of Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Cardiology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Centre for Public Health, Equity and Human Flourishing, Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; National Institute of Environmental Health, National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Center for Public Health Research, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milan Bicocca, Monza, Italy; Laboratory of Public Health, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy; Department of Social Sciences, University of Nicosia, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Neurology, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Neurology, Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisbon, Portugal; Department of Pharmacology, Iranshahr University of Medical Sciences, Iranshahr, Iran; Innovation in Healthcare and Social Services Department, Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy; Department of Neuroscience, Multiple Sclerosis Research Center, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clincial Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Master Program for Translational Science, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; International Ph.D. Program in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Biomedical Informatics, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Nursing, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Global Health and Health Security Department, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Gorakhpur, India; Health Services Management Training Centre, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Applied Social Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu-Mureş, Romania; Department of Community Medicine, Datta Meghe Institute of Medical Sciences, Wardha, India; Department of Medicine, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Medical Epidemiology, Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Churchill, VIC, Australia; Professional Services Division, Texas State Board of Pharmacy, Austin, TX, United States; Department of Pharmacology, Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, India; Department of Public Health, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health, Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Family and Community Medicine Department, King Khalid University Hospital, Abha, Saudi Arabia; Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; Department of Physics, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran; SYNAPSIS Mental Health and Neurology Non-Profit Organization, Lima, Peru; Sensory Motor Laboratoy, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Adelaide Medical School, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Centre for Heart Rhythm Disorders, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Division of General Internal Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Community and Family Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Nursing, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Chiro, Ethiopia; Department of Hepatology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India; Department of Dermatology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Health Systems and Policy Research, Indian Institute of Public Health, Gandhinagar, India; Department of Genetics, Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Department of Life Sciences, Health and Healthcare Professions, Link Campus University, Rome, Italy; Health Services Research, Evaluation and Policy Unit, AUSL della Romagna, Ravenna, Italy; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; Department of Endocrinology, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Post Graduate School of Public Health, University of Siena, Siena, Italy; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Pediatrics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States; Health Directorate, Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Department of Community Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Group Health Department, Nanyang Central Hospital, Nanyang, China; Department of Nephrology, Max Super Speciality Hospital, New Delhi, India; Department of Public Health, Torrens University Australia, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Cardiology, Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, United States; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, United States; Centre for Noncommunicable Diseases and Nutrition, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; School of Pharmacy, BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Preventive Cardiology & Medicine, Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India; Department of Medicine, Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India; Department of Toxicology, Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India; Global Virus Network, Middle East Region, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine, University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq; Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Ardabil University of Medical Science, Ardabil, Iran; Department of Immunology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Cancer Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Research Center of Physiology, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Biochemistry Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Entomology, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Medical Ain Shams Research Institute (MASRI), Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Neurology Department, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; School of Health and Environmental Studies, Hamdan Bin Mohammed Smart University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Dobney Hypertension Centre, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Stroke Research Centre, Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; Department of Anatomy, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, South Korea; Faculty of Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Department of Radiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands; Research Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Deu, Barcelona, Spain; Mental Health, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain; Carlos III Health Institute, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain; School of Nursing and Midwivery, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC, Australia; Department of Zoology and Entomology, Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, Palamau Institute of Pharmacy, Daltonganj, India; Public Health Department, Dalhatu Araf Specialist Hospital, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Public Health, Federal University of Lafia, Lafia, Nigeria; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; Skaane University Hospital, Skaane County Council, Malmö, Sweden; Faculty of Kinesiology, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; School of Allied Health, Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Modeling in Health Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Health in Disasters and Emergencies, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Students Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; Department of Medicine, MedStar Health, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Public Health, Madda Walabu University, Robe, Ethiopia; Department of Microbiology, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen; School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Division for Health Service Promotion, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Global Health Policy, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; School of Dentistry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Pulmonology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Department of Decision and Information Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX, United States; Public Health Research Group, Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh; School of Health and Society, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Institute for Research and Training in Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; Department of Computer Science, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Diplomacy and Public Relations Department, University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Department of Clinical Legal Medicine, National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, The Fifth Clinical Medical School of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Cardiology, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China; Department of Psychology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine & Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong; Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Shaikh Zayed Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan; Czech National Centre for Evidence-Based Healthcare and Knowledge Translation, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic; College of Health Sciences, VinUniversity, Hanoi, Viet Nam; Department of Occupational Safety and Health, China Medical University Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Occupational Therapy, Asia University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan; International Center for Nutrition and Information, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health and Nutrition, Tokyo, Japan; The National Centre for Remote and Rural Health and Care, NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; West Africa RCC, Africa Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Abuja, Nigeria; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Electrical Engineering, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj, Saudi Arabia; Department of Health Research, ICMR National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Muhammadiyah Aceh, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; Department of Research and Innovation, ARNECH Research and Consulting Office, Bujumbura, Burundi; Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Ahmad Dahlan, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Clinical Laboratory Department, Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya; Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases, National Centre for Disease Control (NCDC), Tobruk, Libya; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice, Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Bedong, Malaysia; Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia; Public Health Department of Social Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Suita, Japan; School of Management, The Apollo University, Chittoor, India; Department of Health Services Research, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Public Health Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Center for Global Mental Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Health Services Research and Policy, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Physical Medicine, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France; Research and Development Unit, Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Immunology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; HIV/STI Surveillance Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Applied Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; Department of Immunology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; College of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Arabian Gulf University, Manama, Bahrain; Ministry of Health, Manama, Bahrain; Department of Leukemia, The University of MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States; Statistics Unit, Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Department of Health and Safety, Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Centre for Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; Department of Psychiatry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; The World Academy of Sciences UNESCO, Trieste, Italy; Shaanxi University of Technology, Hanzhong, China; Department of Environmental Engineering, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, India; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; Department of Biochemistry, Government Medical College, Mysuru, India; Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Internal Medicine, GCS Medical College, Hospital & Research Centre, Ahmedabad, India; Department of Nutrition, University of Nevada Reno, Reno, NV, United States; University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Department of Community Medicine, Dr. Baba Saheb Ambedkar Medical College & Hospital, Delhi, India; Department of Community Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India; Department of Public Health, Tongji University, Shanghai, China; Department of Public Health, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Nursing and Midwifery, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Neurology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Zoonoses Research Center, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; Rothschild Foundation Hospital, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Paris, France; Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore, Singapore; Hungarian Health Management Association, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Economics, National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Opole, Opole, Poland; Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; Department of Social Work, Pabna University of Science and Technology, Pabna, Bangladesh; School of Public Health, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India; Department of Endocrinology, Bharti Hospital Karnal, Karnal, India; Health Sciences, University of York, York, United Kingdom; Sydney Eye Hospital, South Eastern Sydney Local Health District, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Dentistry, University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Office of the Executive Director, Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; The Hansjörg Wyss Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Nab'a Al-Hayat Foundation for Medical Sciences and Health Care, New York, NY, United States; Cleft Lip and Palate Surgery Division, Global Smile Foundation, Norwood, MA, United States; 2nd Cardiology Department, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Second Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; 2nd Department of Cardiology, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; School of Health Professions and Human Services, Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, United States; Institute for Epidemiology and Social Medicine, University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Central Department of Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal; Surgery Research Unit, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Oulu Business School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Martti Ahtisaari Institute, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Student Research Committee, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Department of Public Health, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Environmental Technologies Research Center, Medical Basic Sciences Research Institute, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Education Development Center, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; International Research Center of Excellence, Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Department of Human Nutrition, National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France; Department of Public Health and Health Policy, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences, Amity University, Noida, India; Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Noida, India; Amity Institute of Public Health, Amity University, Noida, India; College of Health Sciences, Abu Dhabi University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Population Science Department, Jatiya Kabi Kazi Nazrul Islam University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh; Primary Care Department, NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia; College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom; College of Arts and Sciences, Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States; Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan; School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Global Consortium for Public Health Research, Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India; Academy of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro, Pakistan; Department of Internal Medicine, Corewell Health East William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States; Department of Health Management and Economics, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Clinical Research Development Center (CRDC), Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Department of Public Health, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States; Department of Cognition and Neuroscience, University of Texas, Dallas, TX, United States; Graduate School of Public Health, Yonsei University, Busan, South Korea; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia; Millennium Prevention, Inc., Westwood, MA, United States; School of Health Sciences, Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Department of International Health and Sustainable Development, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States; Department of Nursing and Health Promotion, Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway; Health System and Population Studies Divisions, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Maternal and Child health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Neurosurgery, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; General Administration, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Comprehensive Cancer Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Epidemiology, IQVIA, Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department of Gynecology, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Marburg, Germany; Department of Biochemistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India; Department of Dentistry, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India; Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India; Manipal College of Nursing, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India; Department of Anthropology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Institute of Forensic Science & Criminology, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Pondicherry University, Puducherry, India; Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Population Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Duke Global Health Institute, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Physiology, Pravara Institute of Medical Sciences, Deemed to be University, Loni, India; Department of Neuroscience, University of Medicine, Tirana, Albania; Department of Neuroscience, Medical Sciences University Hospital, Tirana, Albania; Department of Demography, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada; Faculty of Medicine, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Mathematics, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; Department of Biochemistry, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; College of Public Health & Health Informatics, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana; Center of Medicine and Public Health, Asfendiyarov Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Department of Medicine, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Digital Health and Informatics Directorate, Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, NYU Langone Health, New York City, NY, United States; Cardiothoracic Surgery Department, Medanta Hospital, Gurugram, India; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Cabrini Institute, Rochester, MN, United States; Department of Community Medicine, Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi, India; Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh; Section of Cardiology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Department of Translational Health Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom; Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Research Methods, Evidence, and Impact, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Department of Health Services Research and Management, City University of London, London, United Kingdom; Faculty of Public Health, University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; Department of General Surgery, Dr NTR University of Health Sciences, Vijayawada, India; Department of Nephrology, Pushpagiri Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Thiruvalla, India; Clinical Research Center, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Heart Center, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; Integrated Department of Epidemiology, Health Policy, Preventive Medicine and Pediatrics, Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India; SD Gupta School of Public Health, Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India; NEVES Society for Patient Safety, Budapest, Hungary; Unidad de Genética y Salud Pública, Instituto de Ciencias Médicas, Las Tablas, Panama; Ministry of Health, Hospital Joaquín Pablo Franco Sayas, Las Tablas, Panama; Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India; International Society Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, Italy; Department of Neurology and Psychiatry, German Clinic of Santiago, Santiago, Chile; Faculty of Medicine, University of Development, Santiago, Chile; Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management, Kaduna State University, Kaduna, Nigeria; Health Economics Division, Monash University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of General Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Cardiovascular Research, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States; Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Precision Medicine, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; National Clinical Research Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Shenzhen, China; Department of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Community Oral Health and Clinical Prevention, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Medicine, Norrtälje Hospital (Tiohundra), Norrtälje, Sweden; School of Public Health, Zefat Academic College, Haifa, Israel; Center for Evidence-Based Medicine and Clinical Research, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; Department of Cardiology, Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China; Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, München, Germany; Department of Internal Medicine, Kirk Kerkorian School of Medicine at UNLV, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Department of Pediatric Neurology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States; Department of Cardiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; One Health Research Group, Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Department of Health Economics, Syreon Research Romania, Targu Mures, Romania; Department of Doctoral Studies, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, Technology of Targu Mures, Targu Mures, Romania; Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Jena, Germany; Competence Cluster for Nutrition and Cardiovascular Health (nutriCARD), Jena, Germany; School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing, University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; Department of Periodontology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Yazd University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; USERN Office, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Department of Medicine, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, United States; Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India; Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Laboratory of Public Health, Instituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS (Italian Auxological Institute), Milan, Italy; Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech-UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Biochemistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Infectious Diseases Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Gorgan Congenital Malformations Research Center, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Airlangga (University of Airlangga), Surabaya, Indonesia; Indonesian Public Health Association, Surabaya, Indonesia; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Centre for Healthy Living, University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Department of Pharmacy, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan; Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences, Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; School of Pharmacy, Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Postgraduate Institute of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Department of Surgery, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; Research Division, The George Institute for Global Health, New Delhi, India; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Department of Healthcare, University of Vlora, Vlora City, Albania; Clinic of Social and Family Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; Department of Public Health, Arba Minch University, Arba Minch, Ethiopia; Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos, Lima, Peru; Division of Forensic Medicine, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Public Health and Family Medicine, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Division of Cardiology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Physiology, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; University Centre Varazdin, University North, Varazdin, Croatia; Department of Pharmacology, University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Clinical Medicine Department, Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; National Cancer Registry, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Pathology Department, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; Multidisciplinary Department of Medical-Surgical and Dental Specialties, Univerity of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy; Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha University, Chennai, India; Global Institute of Public Health, Ananthapuri Hospitals and Research Institute, Trivandrum, India; Internal Medicine Programme, Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease, National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Social Determinants of Health Center, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Macon, GA, United States; College of Health Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia; College of Applied and Natural Science, University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia; Molecular Biology Unit, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan; Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department, Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Notre Dame of Maryland University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pharmacy, Mizan-Tepi University, Mizan, Ethiopia; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Department of Community Medicine, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit, Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy; AI & Cyber Futures Institute, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; Department of Ophthalmology & Vision Science, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, United States; Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Health Sciences Research Center, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Infectious Disease, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Dermatology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Department of Public Health, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil; Department of Public Health, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom; Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economics, University of Groningen (Rijksuniversiteit Groningen), Groningen, Netherlands; Department of Medicine, Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Department of Health Economics, National Institute for Research in Tuberculosis, Chennai, India; Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit, Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico; Postgraduate in Medical Sciences, Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico; Department of Research Methodology, Orthopaedic Research Group, Coimbatore, India; Department of Biotechnology, Karpagam Academy of Higher Education (Deemed to be University, Coimbatore, India; Department of Psychiatry, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Food and Nutrition, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Neuropsychiatry, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Department of Knowledge Translation and Utilization, Egyptian Center for Evidence Based Medicine, Cairo, Egypt; Elderly Health Research Center, Research and Academic Institution, Tehran, Iran; Research and Analytics Department, Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India; Department of Research and Analytics, Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India; Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States; Department Health Services Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Health Policy & Organization, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Health Services Administration, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization, Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation; Experimental Surgery and Oncology Laboratory, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russian Federation; Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Government Medical College Thrissur, Thrissur, India; Health Action by People, Trivandrum, India; Department of Community Medicine, MOSC Medical College, Kolenchery, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Analysis, Cihan University Sulaymaniya, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India; Mysore Medical College and Research Institute, Government Medical College, Mysore, India; National Dental Research Institute Singapore, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Disease Control and Environmental Health, Makerere University, Kampala, Uganda; Department of General Surgery, Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Cardiology, Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania; Faculty of Medicine, Euromed University of Fes, Fez, Morocco; Faculty of Medicine, University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco; Department of Community Medicine, Kathmandu University, Palpa, Nepal; Department of Neurosciences, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya; Department of Medical Engineering, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Cardiovascular laboratory, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Merrillville, IN, United States; Cardiovascular Research Department, Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States; Department of General Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Faculty of Medicine, Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Surgery, Danang Family Hospital, Danang, Viet Nam; International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang (State University of Semarang), Kota Semarang, Indonesia; Technical Department, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; Center for Public Health, Teesside University, Middlesbrough, United Kingdom; Department of Health Policy and Management, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden; School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Department of Paediatrics, Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; The Cardiac Clinic, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Information, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States; Department of Health Sciences and Public Health, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; School of Economics, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Public Health, Banten School of Health Science, South Tangerang, Indonesia; Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education, Higher Education Service Institutions (LLDIKTI) Region IV, Bandung, Indonesia; Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation (CERHI), University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria; Department of Physiology, Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria; Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis, University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Medicine, National University of Ireland-Galway, Galway, Ireland; School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Department of Preventive Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Pediatrics, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Department of Food Science and Postharvest Technology, Gulu University, Gulu, Uganda; School of Pharmacy, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Westville, South Africa; Department of Nursing Science, Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Associacao Brasileira de Cefaleia em Salvas e Enxaqueca (ABRACES), Sao Paulo, Brazil; Cardiology Department, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Slum and Rural Health Initiative Research Academy, Slum and Rural Health Initiative, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Microbiology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology, University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Anatomy, Olabisi Onabanjo University, Sagamu, Nigeria; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Neurology, ASL Avezzano-Sulmona-L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Department of Medicine, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (Autonomous University of Madrid), Madrid, Spain; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, The Institute for Health Research Foundation Jimenez Diaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; One Health Global Research Group, Universidad de las Americas (University of the Americas), Quito, Ecuador; School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; Department of Optometry and Vision Science, University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Project Management, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; Miami Cancer Institute, Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India; Universidad San Ignacio de Loyola, Lima, Peru; National School of Public Health, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron (Vall d'Hebron University Hospital), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Vall d'Hebron Institut de Recerca (Vall d'Hebron Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India; Research Department, Public Health Research Society Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal; Centre for Research and Development, Chandigarh University, Punjab, India; Division of Research and Development, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, India; Department of Neurology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Cardiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Department of Neurology, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus; Department of Science and Mathematics, Deree-The American College of Greece, Athens, Greece; Department of Biophysics, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; 3rd Department of Cardiology, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, United Kingdom; Department of Community Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jammu, India; Department of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy; Department of Imaging, AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece, Thessaloniki, Greece; Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Department of Community Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Central Department of Public Health, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Clinical Research Department, IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; Australian Institute of Health Innovation, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; International Institute for Educational Planning (IIEP), Albert Einstein Hospital, São Paulo, Brazil; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy; Pennsylvania Cancer and Regenerative Medicine Center, Baruch S Blumberg Institute, Doylestown, PA, United States; Department of Medicine, Xavier University School of Medicine, Woodbury, NY, United States; Facultad de Medicina, (Universidad Diego Portales) Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Weiss Memorial Hospital, Chicago, IL, United States; Departments of Psychiatry and Epidemiology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences, Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Siberian State Medical University, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics, University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Data Management and Analysis, The International Clinical Epidemiology Network (INCLEN) Trust International, New Delhi, India; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Humanities and Social Sciences, National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India; Department of Neurophysiotherapy, MGM Institute of Physiotherapy, Chhatrapati Sambhaginagar, India; Department of Clinical Research and Epidemiology, Institute of Liver and Biliary Sciences, New Delhi, New Delhi, India; Health Sciences Department, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Sukoharjo, Indonesia; Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University, Jinan, China; UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilità, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta (The Neurology, Public Health and Disability Unit, IRCCS Foundation Carlo Besta Neurological Institute), Milan, Italy; Department of Epidemiology, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bengaluru, India; Department of Medical Laboratory Technologies, Alnoor University, Mousl, Iraq; Al-Noor Center of Research and Innovation, Alnoor University, Mousl, Iraq; Institute of Health and Wellbeing, Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia; Future Technology Research Center, National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan; Department of Public Health, Torbat Jam Faculty of Medical Sciences, Torbat Jam, Iran; Department of Nutrition Science, Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India; Department of Community Medicine, Employees' State Insurance Model Hospital, Chennai, India; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India; Department of Population Health, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Public Health Dentistry, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India; Department of Radiology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; School of Nursing & Health Sciences, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong; South Asian Institute for Social Transformation (SAIST), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, Canada; Department of Community Medicine, Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital, Dhanbad, India; Research Department, Eastern Scientific LLC, Richmond, KY, United States; Department of Health Promotion and Administration, Eastern Kentucky University, Richmond, KY, United States; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, University of Defence in Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Centre for Clinical Pharmacology, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta University, Belgrade, Serbia; Health Economics and Outcomes Research Department, Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy, Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Neurology, Capital & Coast District Health Board, Wellington, New Zealand; Department of Oral Pathology, Microbiology and Forensic Odontology, Sharavathi Dental College and Hospital, Shimogga, India; Thrombosis Research Group, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Family Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; Department of Community Medicine, Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; Academic Public Health England, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom; Department of Biological Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Department of Protein Research, Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt; Department of Pharmacy, Abdul wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan; Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, United States; Department of Geography and Demography, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Department of Nursing in Women's Health, Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Department of Clinical Research, Federal University of Uberlândia, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Faculty of Nursing, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Analytical and Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; RUSA Centre of Excellence in Public Policy and Governance, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; Department of Analytical & Applied Economics, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology, Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia; Department of Labour, Directorate of Factories Government of West Bengal, Kolkata, India; Advanced Campus Governador Valadares, Juiz de For a Federal University, Governador Valadares, Brazil; Nursing Department, Universidade Presidente Antônio Carlos (President Antônio Carlos University), Governador Valadares, Brazil; Department of Cardiology, S. Maria dei Battuti Hospital, Conegliano, Italy; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Botswana, Gaborone, Botswana; Cardiovascular Department, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; Department of Medical Pharmacology, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Department of Medicine, Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, International Medical University, Gdañsk, Poland; Clinical and Biomedical Research Center, Foundation University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan; Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India; Department of Radiodiagnosis, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India; Department of Statistics, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan; Department of Integrated Health Education, Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Technology Management Department, University College of Applied Sciences, Gaza, Palestine; School of Economics and Management, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany; Department of Global Initiatives, Child Mind Institute, New York, NY, United States; Department of Neurology, Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin (Charité Medical University Berlin), Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Benang Merah Research Center (BMRC), Minahasa Utara, Indonesia; Department of Anatomy, Ras Al Khaimah Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Pharmacy Study Program, Udayana University, Badung, Indonesia; Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India; Department of Public Health, Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India; Department of Preventive and Social Medicine, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Puducherry, India; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Australian National University, Acton, ACT, Australia; Department of Neurology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Health Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Araranguá, Brazil; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Cardiovascular Program, The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Emergency Department, Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, United States; Department of Microbiology, Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; Department of Chemistry, Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran; Karachi, Pakistan; School of Medicine, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Department for Evidence-based Medicine and Evaluation, University for Continuing Education Krems, Krems, Austria; Nahavand School of Allied Medical Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Nahavand, Iran; Department of Hemato-oncology, Fortis Hospital, Noida, India; Department of Nephrology, Vardhman Mahavir Medical College, New Delhi, India; K S Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte University, Mangalore, India; Department of Public Health, Dambi Dollo University, Dembi Dollo, Ethiopia; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Deparment of Pharmacology, Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Department of Medicine, Ladoke Akintola University, Ogbomoso, Nigeria; Department of Research, Kathmandu Cancer Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal; The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, United States; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Department of Culture, Anthropological Survey of India, Kolkata, India; Sport Physical Activity and Health Research & Innovation Center (SPRINT), Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; CICS-UBI Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Department of Community Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi, India; Department of Pharmacology, Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India; School of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Henry JN Taub Department of Emergency Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Medicine Service, US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), Houston, TX, United States; Department of Pediatrics, All India Institute of Medical Sciences Jodhpur, Jodhpur, India; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India; Department of Human Genetics, Punjabi University, Patiala, India; Department of Neurology, North Karelia Central Hospital, Joensuu, Finland; Clinical Branch, Moscow Research and Practical Centre on Addictions, Moscow, Russian Federation; Addiction Psychiatry Department, Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Infectious Diseases and Epidemiology, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Internal Disease, Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Division of Injury Prevention, The Bizzell Group, Atlanta, GA, United States; Department of Surgery, "Sf. Pantelimon" Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; School of Health and Biomedical Science, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology (RMIT) University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Systemic Pathology, Touro College of Osteopathic Medicine, Middletown, NY, United States; Department of Pathology, American University of the Caribbean School of Medicine, Saint Martin, Cupecoy, Saint Martin (French Part); Department of Biochemistry, American University of Integrative Sciences, Bridgetown, Barbados; Hull York Medical School, University of Hull, Hull City, United Kingdom; RAK Medical and Health Sciences University, Ras Al Khaimah, United Arab Emirates; Nutrition and Dietetics Department, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation; Department of Medical Sciences, Sunway University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Mental Health Research Consultant, Khulna, Bangladesh; Division of Global Mental Health, EviSyn Health, Khulna, Bangladesh; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia; Nursing Professional Education Study Program, University Halu Oleo, Kendari, Indonesia; Department of Clinical Research and Development, LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland; Department of Neurology, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland; Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Dentistry and Oral Health, Rural Clinical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Sri Ramachandra Medical College and Research Institute, Chennai, India; Statistics Discipline, Khulna University, Khulna, Bangladesh; Department of Dermato-Venereology, Dr. Victor Babes Clinical Hospital of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Diseases, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Epidemiology, Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; Department of Medicine, Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia; State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics (LASG), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia; Department of Economics, Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Research and Innovation, Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Urology, Sabzevar University of Medical Sciences, Sabzevar, Iran; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Bioengineering and Therapeutical Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Nursing, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Ethiopia; School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi, Mandi, India; Department of Pharmacology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India; Department of Global Health, Sustainable Policy Solutions Foundation, South Yarra, VIC, Australia; Department of Gastroenterology, St. Luke's Hospital, Pathanamthitta, India; Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Czech Technical University, Prague, Czech Republic; Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sam Ratulangi (Sam Ratulangi University), Manado, Indonesia; Department of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland; High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax, Tunisia; Department of Business Analytics, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States; Molecular Neuroscience Research Center, Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Adult Learning Disability Service, Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom; Faculty of Medicine, Nam Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam; School of Pharmacy, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan; Centre for Neonatal and Paediatric Infection, St George's University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; Department of Nutrition and Food Studies, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, United States; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Zoology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Division of Science and Technology, University of Education Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Medical Genomics Research Department, King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases and the Aging Brain, University of Bari, Tricase, Italy; Unit of Internal Medicine, ARNAS Garibaldi Hospital, Catania, Italy; Department of Public Health and Epidemiology, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary; UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Department of Human Genetics & Molecular Biology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India; Raffles Neuroscience Centre, Raffles Hospital, Singapore, Singapore; Department of Surgery, General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Department of Physiotherapy, Universidad Europea de Madrid (European University of Madrid), Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy; Department of Medical Oncology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Grigore T Popa" Iasi, Iaşi, Romania; Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Institute of Oncology, Iaşi, Romania; Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Center for Experimental Microsurgery, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; School of Health Sciences, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan; Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; School of Public Health, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Epidemiology, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Department of Neurosurgery, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai, China; School of Nursing Sciences, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Key Laboratory of Computer-Aided Drug Design, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, China; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan; Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Xi'an, China; Cardiology Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Critical Care and Neurosciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Rajarata, Saliyapura, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; Institute of Clinical Epidemiology, Public Health, Health Economics, Medical Statistics and Informatics, Medical University Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria; Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom; NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and Kings College London, London, United Kingdom; Global Health Research Center, Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Clinical Psychology Department, City Health Center, Suzhou, China; Division of Gastroenterology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China; Department of Public Health Science, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Endocrinology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; Department of Public Health, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Faculty of Medicine, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Public Health and Health Systems, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan; Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Science Computing Department, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; KHANA Center for Population Health Research, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Department of Respiratory Medicine, Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Department of Biostatistics, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan; Department of Epidemiology, Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; The First Affiliated Hospital, China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Association for Socially Applicable Research (ASAR), Pune, India; Department of Emergency Medicine, Global Emergency Medicine Innovation and Implementation (GEMINI) Research Center, Durham, NC, United States; Department of Health Sciences, James Madison University, Harrisonburg, VA, United States; Sant'Elia Hospital, University of Catania, Caltanissetta, Italy; Research and Development Department, Sina Medical Biochemistry Technologies, Shiraz, Iran; Department of Administration, PGxAI, San Francisco, CA, United States; Department of Anesthesiology, Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China; Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer, Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, China; School of Biomedical Engineering, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; School of Public Health, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hebei University, Baoding, China; School of Humanities and Management, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; School of Public Health and Emergency Management, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; The Institute of Cancer Research, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; Clinical Research Centre, An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine
