Shihao Lv, Hao Xu, Jie Yang, Anjiang Gao, Yong Huang, Nanfeng Zhu, Sasha Yang, Hongqi Sun, Karnowo, Shu Zhang
Volatile-char interactions are prevalent in biomass pyrolysis processes. To gain deeper insights into their impact on biomass pyrolysis volatile distribution, interactions between volatile compounds and char during flash pyrolysis of glucose, cellobiose, and cellulose were investigated using a pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry detection technique, by modifying both the chain lengths of the raw materials and the functional groups of graphitized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The results reveal that volatile-char interactions markedly influence the distribution of the final pyrolysis products derived from glucose-based compounds. In the presence of any type of CNTs, dehydrated saccharides in the primary products, particularly levoglucosan (LG), exhibit the highest sensitivity to the interactions. Consequently, primary products such as LG and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) undergo secondary pyrolysis, yielding compounds such as levoglucosenone (LGO) and 5-methyl-2-furancarboxaldehyde (FCM). Additionally, CNTs without functional groups are advantageous for the production of expensive LGO (The relative abundance reached 9.65%), whereas the relative abundance of FCM increases significantly with hydroxyl-, carboxyl-, and amino-modified carbon nanotubes. Particularly, the relative abundance of FCM is highest in the presence of amino-modified carbon nanotubes, regardless of whether the feedstock is glucose, cellobiose, or cellulose, with values of 25.14%, 23.32%, and 4.23%, respectively. Furthermore, consistent changes in product distribution trends among different glucose-based compounds under identical CNT conditions suggest that glycosidic bonds have minimal impact on volatile-char interactions. © 2024
Joint International Research Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Materials, Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Jiangsu, Nanjing, 210037, China; Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Monash University, Victoria, 3800, Australia; School of Molecular Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Perth, 6009, WA, Australia; Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Gd. E5 Lt. 3 Kampus Unnes Sekaran Gunungpati, Jawa Tengah, Semarang, Indonesia
