Nur Qudus, Harianingsih Harianingsih, Virgiawan Adi Kristianto, Indra Sakti Pangestu, Satria Agung Saputra, Nurul Padilah Rahmawati, Asti Dwi Afidah, Jurina Jaafar
Batik is a significant textile industry in Indonesia, but it produces liquid waste containing azo dyes that are toxic and can pollute the environment. One approach to mitigate the impact of this waste is through TiO2 photoelectrocatalysis. This study aims to improve the photoelectrocatalysis performance of TiO2 by nitrogen doping, in order to achieve more efficient degradation of batik waste. This improvement is reflected in the increased intensity of the anatase phase, the reduction in band gap, and the formation of N-Ti-O bonds. N-doped TiO2 was synthesized by anodizing titanium plates using urea at molar ratios of 50:50, 95:5, and 90:10, followed by annealing at 500°C for 3 hours. The results showed that the photoelectrocatalysis efficiency for the 90:10 TiO2:urea ratio reached 90%, significantly higher than undoped TiO2, which only degraded 50% of the batik waste. The band gap of N-doped TiO2 was reduced to 2.7 eV, while undoped TiO2 had a band gap of 3.2 eV. The formation of N-Ti-O bonds was also observed, confirming that nitrogen doping effectively enhances TiO2’s ability to degrade batik waste through photoelectrocatalysis. © 2025 by author(s).
Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; DSIH Office, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang, 50029, Indonesia; Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, Malaysia
