Arif Royyani, Nurul Wasilah Wahidin, Nur Hijriah, Multazam, Abdulaziz Kalupae
The implementation of prayer and fasting in Indonesia is diverse because each Islamic organisation has a variety of criteria for the height of the angle of the sun, which varies. Wahdah Islamiyah, as one of the Islamic mass organisations, sets the initial criteria for dawn prayer time at -17.5º, while the initial guideline criteria for subuh prayer time of the Ministry of Religious Affairs is -20º. This study analyses the basis for determining the criteria for the beginning of the Wahdah Islamiyah subuh prayer time, along with socio-religious implications in society through shari’i, astronomical, and sociological approaches. Data are collected through interviews and documentation. The study shows the basis for determining the criteria of Wahdah Islamiyah using hisab, considering astronomical aspects, wasatiyyah } (middle) aspects, and sociological factors. The socio-religious implications of the -17.5ºcriterion can still be applied in subuh prayers because it is still within the grace period. It cannot be used for fasting implementation in Makassar City, Indonesia, but only within the scope of Wahdah Islamiyah, as it exceeds the limits as referenced in the calendar published by the Ministry of Religious Affairs. This study recommends establishing dialogue between stakeholders on the societal implications of differing prayer and imsak time criteria. It also emphasises the need for integrating scientific and religious approaches in determining worship times within the global Muslim community. Pelaksanaan ibadah salat dan puasa di Indonesia menjadi beragam karena masing-masing ormas Islam memiliki variasi kriteria terhadap ketinggian sudut matahari yang berbeda-beda. Wahdah Islamiyah sebagai salah satu Ormas Islam menetapkan kriteria awal waktu salat subuh sebesar -17,5ºsedangkan kriteria pedoman awal waktu Subuh Kemenag sebesar -20º. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis dasar penetapan kriteria penentuan awal waktu salat subuh Wahdah Islamiyah beserta implikasi sosio-religius di masyarakat melalui pendekatan syar’i, astronomi, dan sosiologis. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: Pertama, dasar penetapan kriteria Wahdah Islamiyah menggunakan hisab, mempertimbangkan aspek astronomis, aspek wasatiyyah } (pertengahan) dan faktor sosiologis. Kedua, Implikasi sosio-religius kriteria -17,5ºmasih bisa digunakan dalam salat subuh karena masih dalam tenggang waktunya. Tetapi tidak bisa digunakan untuk pelaksanaan ibadah puasa di Kota Makassar melainkan di lingkup Wahdah Islamiyah karena melampaui batas sebagaimana acuan dalam kalender terbitan Kementerian Agama. Kajian ini merekomendasikan kedua belah pihak perlu menghadirkan ruang dialog mengenai implikasi di masyarakat atas kriteria penetapan waktu salat dan imsak yang digunakan. Selain itu, kajian ini berkontribusi terhadap penguatan pentingnya integrasi antara pendekatan ilmiah dan keagamaan dalam penetapan waktu ibadah di tengah komunitas Muslim global yang majemuk. © 2025 Faculty of Sharia State Islamic University of Salatiga. All rights reserved.
UIN Walisongo, Semarang, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri, Semarang, Indonesia; Fatoni University, Thailand
