Afiqah Yaacob, Nor Hafizah Ngajikin, Nurfatihah Che Abd Rashid, Siti Hajar Aminah Ali, Maslina Yaacob, Ian Yulianti, Noran Azizan Cholan
This paper investigates the direct detection of glucose in the visible light spectrum using a spectroscopy method. The method, which detects glucose without the need for additional enzymes or reagents, is developed using a light-emitting diode, a photodetector, and a data acquisition card (DAQ) to form a simple spectroscopy system. The system, operating at wavelengths of 505 nm, 700 nm, and 840 nm, has been experimentally tested for performance characterization. The experimental results show that the 505 nm operating wavelength produces optimal performance, with a linearity range of 20–45 mg/dL, a linearity value of 0.8812, sensitivity of 1.1 mV (mg/dL)−1, stability precision greater than 99%, and a limit of detection (LOD) of 12.72 mg/dL. At this wavelength, the developed system improves sensitivity performance by about 69% compared to previous reports. This enhancement provides an alternative operating wavelength for glucose detection with better sensitivity performance. © 2025, Electromagnetics Academy. All rights reserved.
Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Batu Pahat, 86400, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
