Vania Rapita Augesta, Muhammad Haris, Taruna Buana Ramdhan Putra, Mochammad Fairus Rizal, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Abdelbasset Azzouz
The automatic water flow system is widely used in aquatic plants, filtration chambers, and controlled ecosystems. To achieve this, the proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controller is widely adopted to regulate the water flow according to the set point. Unfortunately, the accuracy of feedback signals and the dynamic behavior of the system have a significant impact on the performance of the PID controller. This work applied the Kalman Filter to a PID-based control system for regulating water flow. The transfer function of the system was identified via MATLAB/Simulink System Identification block. The PID controller parameters were calculated and tuned using the Ziegler-Nichols method, and the Kalman Filter was applied to give accurate signal feedback from the YF-S401 flow sensor. The findings show that integrating a Kalman Filter into the PID system enhances its performance compared to conventional PID. The rise time is reduced to 0.57 s, followed by a settling time decreased from 5.16 to 2.83 s. Additionally, the overshoot of only 4.73% is lower than that reported in previous work. By calculating the root mean square error (RMSE), the system achieved a mean error of 2.87%. Hence, the application of the Kalman Filter is promising for achieving an accurate control system and has good prospects for being applied in advanced control methods. © 2025 IEEE.
Universitas Negeri Semarang, Department of Electrical Engineering, Semarang, Indonesia; University of Saida, Laboratory of Electronics, Advanced Signal Processing and Microwaves, Saida, Algeria
