Subiyanto, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Mario Norman Syah, Bagaskoro Saputro, Abdurrakhman Hamid Al-Azhari, Nektar Cahayasabda, Bayu Adi Pambudi, Faiq Mananul Faqih, Icha Arifah Annisa, Dwi Bagas Nugroho, Siva Khaaifina Rachmat, Dewi Anggriani
Conventional electric two-wheeler (E2W) chargers suffer from prolonged charging times and battery nonlinear characteristics, limiting user flexibility and compliance with evolving battery standards. This work developed a high-performance fast charger utilizing an interleaved buck converter (IBC) governed by a hybrid proportional integral-fuzzy logic control (PI-FLC) algorithm. The PI-FLC dynamically optimizes charging current/voltage by integrating real-time battery current, voltage, and state-of-charge (SoC) data. The IBC architecture minimizes output current ripple, enabling compact filter design. The hybrid algorithm maintains a particular voltage and current threshold, ensuring compliance with E2W battery characteristics. The proposed system achieves 0-100% SoC in 57.75 minutes - a 67.9% and 75.9% reduction compared to PID CC-CV (180 min) and PI-CV (240 min), respectively. Moreover, the proposed method outperforms several cutting-edge charging methods, such as a Zeta converter with sliding mode control (SMC) (98.1% efficiency, 80 min), Quasi-Resonant converters with hysteresis control (97.5%, 70 min), Interleaved Boost with FLC (98.5%, 65 min), and Dual Active Bridge with MPC (97.9%, 75 min). Furthermore, hardware implementation demonstrated 98.8% efficiency at 0.22 C-rate and empirically validated charger compatibility across E2W battery topologies. This work bridges the gap between rapid charging demands and battery longevity, offering a scalable solution for next-generation E2W ecosystems. © 2026 Subiyanto et al.
Department Of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
