Abdelbasset Azzouz, Rachid Bouhmidi, Rizky Ajie Aprilianto, Rizky Wibawa
This study proposed a compact triangular microstrip patch antenna design featuring a defected ground structure (DGS) for RF energy harvesting applications. The antenna is designed to operate within the frequency range of 1.84 to 2.45 GHz, with a central frequency of 2.1 GHz, making it suitable for capturing energy from common RF sources. It shows a return loss of -12.04 dB and a voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) of 1.66, indicating excellent impedance matching across the target frequency band. Furthermore, fabricated on FR4 substrate with a relative permittivity of 4.7, a loss tangent of 0.0197, and a thickness of 0.8 mm which offers a cost-effective solution despite higher dielectric losses compared to low-loss substrates, the antenna maintains good performance through careful design optimization, the antenna features a compact design measuring 40 mm × 50 mm. The design incorporates a straightforward microstrip-fed line and a defected ground structure, which work together to optimize the antenna's bandwidth and minimize return loss, thereby improving overall performance. This antenna is particularly well suited for RF energy harvesting systems, as it can efficiently scavenge energy from RF bands used by GSM, WLAN, and Bluetooth technologies. Its small footprint and high efficiency make it an excellent choice for applications where the location of the RF source is uncertain or variable, such as in wireless sensor networks or IoT devices. © 2025 IEEE.
University of Saida, Laboratory of Electronics, Advanced Signal Processing and Microwaves, Saida, Algeria; Universitas Negeri Semarang, Department of Electrical Engineering, Semarang, Indonesia; PT PLN (Persero), Division of Transformation and CEO Office, Jakarta, Indonesia
