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Khayat Kashani, Zahra Khorrami, Ali-Asghar Kolahi, Ali Nikoobar, Alireza Mirahmadi, Mahdieh Niknam, Mohammad Rahmanian, Siamak Sabour, Sohrab Salimi, Maryam Shayan, Sina Shool, Shima Tabatabai, Hedayat Abbastabar, Mohammad Abdollahi, Hassan Abolhassani, M. Amirzade-Iranaq, Amir Anoushiravani, Vahid Mansouri, Sahar Masoudi, Ashraf Mohamadkhani, Sina Azadnajafabad, Mohammad-Mahdi Bastan, Sara Momtazmanesh, Parsa Mousavi, Nazila Rezaei, Nazila Rezaei, Amir Hossein Behnoush, Mahdi Gouravani, Amirmohammad Khalaji, Shaghayegh Khanmohammadi, Mahsa Mayeli, Soheil Mohammadi, Maryam Bemanalizadeh, Fatemeh Chichagi, Omid Dadras, Zahra Esmaeili, Mehrdad Mahalleh, Elham Mahmoudi, Pejman Mansouri, Sadegh Ghafarian, Sina Kazemian, Faham Khamesipour, Moein Khormali, Payman Salamati, Farzad Kompani, Bagher Larijani, Ozra Tabatabaei Malazy, Elaheh Malakan Rad, Mohammad Ali Mansournia, Roya Mirzaei, Atousa Moghadam Fard, Noureddin Nakhostin Ansari, Soroush Nematollahi, Nafise Noroozi, Ahmad Pour-Rashidi, Sarvenaz Rahimibarghani, Mahan Shafie, Ataollah Shahbandi, Amin Sharifan, Seyed Mohammad Tavangar, Abdallah H A Abd Al Magied, Atef Abdelkader, Samer O. Alalalmeh, Elshaimaa A. Arafa, Omar E. Hegazi, Sulagna Dutta, Mohd. Elmagzoub Eltahir, Shaher Mohammad Momani, Moyad Jamal Shahwan, Samer H. Zyoud, Samar Abd Elhafeez, Iman El Sayed, Omar Abdelsadek Abdou Elmeligy, Ramy Mohamed Ghazy, Iman M. Talaat, Michael Abdelmasseh, Juan Sanabria, Sherief Abd-Elsalam, Parsa Abdi, Meriem Abdoun, Auwal Abdullahi, Adedapo Wasiu Awotidebe, Jibrin Sammani Usman, Muktar A. Gadanya, Muhammad Awwal Ladan, Mohammed Usman Ali, Mohammad Jobair Khan, Mesfin Abebe, Olumide Abiodun, Richard Gyan Aboagye, Leticia Akua Adzigbli, Samuel Adolf Bosoka, Robert Kokou Dowou, Hubert Amu, Phidelia Theresa Doegah, Mustapha Immurana, Verner N. Orish, Seyed-Mohammad Fereshtehnejad, Joonas H. Kauppila, Lucie Laflamme, Mohamed Abouzid, Girma Beressa Aboye, Lucas Guimarães Abreu, Alanna Gomes da Silva, Deborah Carvalho Malta, Ana Carolina Micheletti Gomide Nogueira de Sá, Elton Junio Sady Prates, Fernanda Penido Matozinhos, Bruno Ramos Nascimento, Maria Odete Pereira, Bruno Piassi Sao Jose, T.R. 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Postma, Fatemeh Afrashteh, Jalal Arabloo, Haleh Ayatollahi, Masoud Dodangeh, Babak Eshrati, Ali Kabir, Hengameh Kasraei, Majid Khosravi, Hamidreza Pazoki Toroudi, Maryam Moradi, Muhammad Sohail Afzal, Saira Afzal, Faith Agbozo, Antonella Agodi, Martina Barchitta, Andrea Maugeri, Massimiliano Veroux, Luca Falzone, Giuseppe Grosso, Massimo Libra, Gaetano Isola, Anurag Agrawal, Williams Agyemang-Duah, Amin Reza Nikpoor, Bright Opoku Ahinkorah, Muhammad Chutiyami, Aqeel Ahmad, Ghulam Mustafa, Aslam Ramjan Pathan, Mohammad Tabish, Firdos Ahmad, Rabih Halwani, Rifat Hamoudi, Mohamed A. Saleh, Karem H. Alzoubi, Hany A. Omar, Ashokan Arumugam, Hiba Jawdat Barqawi, Nihar Ranjan Dash, Azzam A. Maghazachi, Maha Mohamed Saber-Ayad, Yasser Bustanji, Noha Mousaad Elemam, Adel B. Elmoselhi, Mohammad H. Semreen, Moezalislam Ezzat Mahmoud Faris, M. Azhar Hussain, Asima Karim, Sameh S M. Soliman, Khalid A. Altirkawi, Muayyad M. Ahmad, Sajjad Ahmad, Leonardo Roever, Sajjad Ahmad, Mohammad Arfat Ganiyani, Anisuddin Ahmed, Michael Hultström, Anders O. Larsson, Daniel Lindholm, Johan Sundström, Anisuddin Ahmed, Emmanuel Edwar Siddig, Haroon Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Safoora Ahmed, Aadam Olalekan Bodunrin, Abdulahi Opejin Opejin, Munkhtuya Tumurkhuu, Karolina Akinosoglou, Mohammed Ahmed Akkaif, Ashley E. Akrami, Laurette Mhlanga, Ema Akter, Safayet Jamil, Syed Toukir Ahmed Noor, Abu Sayeed, Salah Al Awaidy, S. Al Hasan, Ziyad Al-Aly, Amjad S Al Mosa, Turki M. Alanzi, Ritesh G. Menezes, Fahad Mashhour Alanezi, Omar Al Ta'ani, O A Al Zaabi, Waad Ali, Fares Alahdab, Muaaz M. Alajlani, Yazan Al-Ajlouni, Khurshid Alam, Noore Alam, Vishnutheertha Kulkarni, Steven M. McPhail, Zufishan Alam, Michal Grivna, Javaid Nauman, Moien AB Khan, Nazar Zaki, R.M. Alamer, Moawiah Mohammad Khatatbeh, Rasmieh Mustafa Al-Amer, Ritesh Chimoriya, Ganesh R. Naik, Almaza Albakri, Wafa A. Aldhaleei, Robert W. Aldridge, Ayodipupo Sikiru Oguntade, Karn Vohra, Alimuddin Zumla, Seyedeh Yasaman Alemohammad, Mohammad Ebrahimi Kalan, Wondu Feyisa Balcha, Belete Sewasew Firew, Dawit Habte Woldeyes, Zeamanuel Anteneh Yigzaw, Adel Ali Saeed Al-Gheethi, Mohammed Khaled Al-Hanawi, Fayaz Khan, Ahmad Azam Malik, Saad Samargandy, Abid Ali, Abdul Wadood Wadood, Muhammad Waqas, Iman Ali, Alireza Amindarolzarbi, Alyssa Columbus, Tsegaye Gebreyes Hundie, Arun Kamireddy, Foad Kazemi, Ahmad Ozair, Dominique Vervoort, Iman Yazdani Nia, Haijun Zhang, Mustafa Alhaji Isa, Hadiza Yusuf, Rafat Ali, Nasir Salam, Syed Shujait Shujait Ali, Victor Ekoche Ali, Deborah Oyine Aluh, Akram Al-Ibraheem, Abdelghani Tbakhi, Gianfranco Alicandro, Sheikh Mohammad Alif, Mohammad Asghari-Jafarabadi, Syed Mohamed Aljunid, Salman Khalifah Al-Sabah, François Alla, Joseph Uy Almazan, Dimitri Poddighe, Hesham M. Al-Mekhlafi, Hany Ariffin, Lee-Ling Lim, Ahmed Yaseen Alqutaibi, Ahmad Alrawashdeh, Mohammad Sami Al-Wardat, Khalid A. 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Wojewodzic, Virginia Bodolica, Berrak Bora Basara, Alejandro Botero Carvajal, Souad Bouaoud, Amel Ouyahia, Soufiane Boufous, Xiaoqi Feng, Philip B. Mitchell, Sandersan Onie, Amy E. Peden, Aletta Elisabeth Schutte, Prince Peprah, Konrad Pesudovs, Serge Resnikoff, Saurab Sharma, Yafei Si, Pengpeng Ye, Christopher Boxe, Oliver J. Brady, Abdul Hafiz, Masao Iwagami, Martin McKee, Dejana Braithwaite, Delaney D. Ding, Danting Yang, Michael J. Diaz, Pirouz Naghavi, Mondal Hasan Zahid, Ihoghosa Osamuyi Iyamu, Javier Brazo-Sayavera, Hermann Brenner, Annie J. Browne, Ben Lacey, Richard James Maude, Jefferson Antonio Buendia Rodriguez, Norma B. Bulamu, Kristen Marie Foley, Seyed Afshin Shorofi, Zahid A. Butt, Mehtap Çakmak Barsbay, Daniela Calina, Angelo Capodici, Stefano Guicciardi, Antonio Mazzotti, Edina Cenko, Francesco S. Violante, Rosario Cárdenas, Giulia Carreras, Andrea Carugno, Giulio Castelpietra, Arthur Caye, Bruce B. Duncan, Luca Cegolon, Mario D'oria, Francieli Cembranel, Ester Cerin, Cui Guo, Paul Yip, Joshua Chadwick, Chiranjib Chakraborty, Sandip Chakraborty, Jeffrey Shi Kai Chan, Rama Mohan Chandika, Sushil Dohare, Khalid Yaser Ghailan, Esam S. Halboub, Asaad Khalid, Asim Mehmood, Mohd Shanawaz, Farrukh Sobia, Sara Chandy, Anis Ahmad Chaudhary, Akhilanand Chaurasia, An-Tian Chen, Haowei Chen, Meng Xuan Chen, Odgerel Chimed-Ochir, Patrick R. Ching, Jesus Lorenzo Chirinos-Caceres, Abdulaal Chitheer, Daniel Youngwhan Cho, William C S. Cho, Dong-Woo Choi, Bryan Chong, Marie Ng, Sheena Ramazanu, Ker-Kan Tan, Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Chean Lin Chong, Daphne Teck Ching Lai, Elvynna Leong, Hitesh Chopra, Mohammad Fareed, Marcos Roberto Tovani-Palone, Dinh-Toi Chu, Perminder S. Sachdev, Giovanni Damiani, Carlo La Vecchia, Laszlo Göbölös, Ibrahim Qattea, G. Anil Kumar, Anamika Pandey, Jai K. Das, Saswati Das, Saswati Das, Kairat Davletov, Mukhtar Kulimbet, Timur Fazylov, Abzal Zhumagaliuly, Fernando Pio De la Hoz, Diego De Leo, Shayom Debopadhaya, Ivan Delgado-Enciso, Edgar Denova-Gutiérrez, Victoria Pando-Robles, Nikolaos Dervenis, Dimitrios Patoulias, Hardik Dineshbhai Desai, Vinoth Gnana Chellaiyan Devanbu, Kuldeep Dhama, Amol S. Dhane, D Y Patil Vidyapeeth, Sameer Dhingra, Daniel Diaz, Thao Huynh Phuong Do, Camila Bruneli Do Prado, Masoud Dodangeh, Wanyue Dong, Rajkumar Doshi, Haneil Larson Dsouza, Varun Krishna, Prateek Rastogi, Pavanchand H. Shetty, Jayakumar Jeganathan, Nitin Joseph, Nithin Kumar, Rohith Motappa, Rekha Thapar, Premalatha K. Shetty, Bhaskaran Unnikrishnan, Viola Dsouza, Ramesh Holla, Ashwin Kamath, Mithun Rao, Vaishali K, Rajesh Kamath, Virendra S. Ligade, Vinod C. Nayak, Chythra R. Rao, Bhageerathy Reshmi, Rekha R. Shenoy, John Dube, Samuel C. Dumith, Andre Rodrigues Duraes, Marcos Pereira, Davide Rasella, Senbagam Duraisamy, Oyewole Christopher Durojaiye, Anar Dushpanova, Paulina Agnieszka Dzianach, Peter W. Gething, Francesca Sanna, Jailos Lubinda, Adam Saddler, Michael A. McPhail, Susan Fred Rumisha, Arkadiusz Marian Dziedzic, Ejemai Eboreime, Evangelia Eirini Tsermpini, Hisham Atan Edinur, Ferry Efendi, Arief Hargono, Hery Purnobasuki, Md Mijanur Mijanur Rahman Rahman, Heng Jiang, Terje Andreas Eikemo, Ebrahim Eini, Rabie Adel El Arab, Osman Elamin, Ghada Metwally Tawfik Elgohary, Nadia M. Hamdy, Abdallah M. Samy, Ali S. Shalash, Sultan Ayoub Meo, Mohamad-Hani Temsah, Muhammed Elhadi, Mohammed Elshaer, Hassan Magdy Abd El Razek, Ibrahim Elsohaby, Abdul Waris, Aly M A. Saad, Theophilus I. Emeto, Kehinde O. Obamiro, Majid Eslami, Dariush Haghmorad, Natalia Fabin, Afeez Abolarinwa Salami, Carla Sofia E Sá Farinha, Andre Faro, Kiana Fasihi, Paul Ward, Nelsensius Klau Fauk, Elena V. Gnedovskaya, Michael A. Piradov, Ginenus Fekadu, Junjie Huang, Chenwen Zhong, Shiwei Liu, Pietro Ferrara, Nuno Ferreira, Florian Fischer, Ida Fitriana, Joanne Flavel, Morenike Oluwatoyin Folayan, Adesola Adenike Ogunfowokan, Marco Fonzo, Matteo Foschi, N.Y. Fridayani, Hong-Han Huynh, Le Huu Nhat Minh, Yoseph Leonardo Samodra, Kai Glenn Fukutaki, J.M. Furtado, Blima Fux, Peter Andras Gaal, Judit Lám, Tamás Palicz, Silvano Gallus, Balasankar Ganesan, Rupesh K. Gautam, Mesfin Gebrehiwot, Lemma Getacher, Genanew K A. Getahun, Ted R. Miller, Ehsan Gholami, Ali Gholamrezanezhad, Nasim Gholizadeh, Artyom Urievich Gil, Tiffany K. Gill, Alem Girmay, Ekaterina Vladimirovna Glushkova, Roman V. Polibin, Mohamad Goldust, Shrikant Pawar, Taeho Gregory Rhee, Pouya Goleij, Amir Shiani, Davide Golinelli, Sameer Vali Gopalani, Anmol Goyal, Giovanni Guarducci, Mohammed Ibrahim Mohialdeen Gubari, Rafael Alves Guimarães, Snigdha Gulati, David Gulisashvili, Damitha Asanga Gunawardane, Anish Kumar Gupta, Rahul Gupta, Sapna Gupta, Vijai Kumar Gupta, Najah R. Hadi, Nils Haep, Adel Hajj Ali, Sebastian Haller, Kanaan Hamagharib Abdullah, Graeme J. Hankey, Omar Kujan, G.J. Hankey, Zaim Anan Haq, Mouhand F H. Mohamed, Md Rabiul Haque, Harapan Harapan, Josep Maria Haro, Ahmed I. Hasaballah, Syed Mahfuz Al Hasan, Mohammad Hasanian, Md Saquib Hasnain, Johannes Haubold, Nikolaos Scarmeas, Jeffrey J. Hebert, Mohammad Heidari, Rahem Rahmati, Mehdi Hemmati, Brenda Yuliana Herrera-Serna, Majid Heydari, Kamal Hezam, Irma Hidayana, Yuta Hiraike, Shuhei Nomura, Santosh Kumar Rauniyar, Nguyen Quoc Hoan, Dang H. Nguyen, Praveen Hoogar, Nobuyuki Horita, George A. Mensah, Md Mahbub Hossain, Hassan Hosseinzadeh, Mehdi Hosseinzadeh, Hau Thi Hien Nguyen, Chengxi Hu, Aliza J. Hunt, Javid Hussain, Anil K. Philip, Atta Ullah, Saeed Ullah, Nawfal R. Hussein, Bing-Fang Hwang, Pulwasha Maria Iftikhar, Adalia I. Ikiroma, Paul Chukwudi Ikwegbue, Irena M. Ilic, Milena M Santric- Milicevic, Milena D. Ilic, Md. Rabiul Islam, Mark A. Stokes, Faisal Ismail, Nahlah Elkudssiah Ismail, Kazumasa Yamagishi, Louis Jacob, Kathryn H. Jacobsen, Nityanand Jain, Ammar Abdulrahman Jairoun, D. Jakhmola Mani, Himanshu Khajuria, Biswa Prakash Nayak, Kavita Munjal, Mohammed Shannawaz, R.G. Jamora, Arianna Maever Loreche, Abubakar Ibrahim Jatau, Feng Pan, Sabzali Javadov, Tahereh Javaheri, Shubha Jayaram, Sun Ha Jee, Doo Woong Lee, Lennart Reifels, Atte Meretoja, Mohammad Jokar, Jost B. Jonas, Charity Ehimwenma Joshua, Mikk Jürisson, Zubair Kabir, Vidya Kadashetti, K.M. Shivakumar, Laleh R. Kalankesh, Mona Kanaan, Kehinde Kazeem Kanmodi, Sushil Kumar Kansal, Kewal Krishan, Vishal Sharma, Faizan Zaffar Kashoo, Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi, Fanny Emily Petermann-Rocha, Ivy Shiue, Harkiran Kaur, Gbenga A. Kayode, Gerbrand Koren, Fassikaw Kebede, Evie Shoshannah Kendal, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Mathilde Touvier, Shahram Khademvatan, Rohollah Valizadeh, Nauman Khalid, Alireza Khalilian, Khaled Khatab, Haitham Khatatbeh, Mahalaqua Nazli Khatib, Atulya Aman Khosla, Alireza Saghafi, Mahmood Khosrowjerdi, Jagdish Khubchandani, Zemene Demelash Kifle, Liknaw Workie Limenh, Endalkachew Belayneh Melese, Henok Biresaw Netsere, Grace Kim, Min Seo Kim, Yun Jin Kim, Ruth W. Kimokoti, Adnan Kisa, Sezer Kisa, Axel Walter Wolf, Oleksii Korzh, Jay B. Lusk, Chenkai Wu, Burcu Kucuk Bicer, Md Abdul Kuddus, Md Mijanur Mijanur Rahman Rahman, Md Abdul Kuddus, Rakesh Kumar, Ilari Kuitunen, Harish Kumar, Era Upadhyay, Vijay Kumar, Amartya Kundu, Dian Kusuma, Frank Kyei-Arthur, Ville Kytö, Chandrakant Lahariya, Tea Lallukka, Fathiah Zakham, Tuomo J. Meretoja, Qing Lan, Tuo Lan, Iván Landires, I. Landires, Francesco Lanfranchi, Berthold Langguth, Van Charles Lansingh, Ariane Laplante-Lévesque, Savita Lasrado, Paolo Lauriola, Huu-Hoai Le, Nhi Huu Hanh Le, Van Thanh Nguyen, Thang Huu Tran, Thao Thi Thu Le, Trang Diep Thanh Le, Long Khanh Dao Le, Janet L. Leasher, Munjae Lee, Sang-Woong Lee, Sang-Woong Lee, Shaun Wen Huey Lee, Yo Han Lee, Seoyeon Park, Ming-Chieh Li, Stefan Listl, Gang Liu, Shiwei Liu, Erand Llanaj, R. López-Bueno, J. López-Gil, V.F. Pepito, Paulo A. Lotufo, Giancarlo Lucchetti, Lisha Luo, Chuanhua Yu, X.G. Zhao, Lei Lv, Hawraz Ibrahim M. Amin, Bashdar Abuzed Sadee, Zheng Feei Ma, Nikolaos Machairas, Michael Spartalis, Monika Machoy, Tomasz Miazgowski, D. Mahadeshwara Prasad, Phetole Walter Mahasha, Dan J. Stein, Mansour Adam Mahmoud, Golnaz Mahmoudvand, Maureen Makama, Shumaila Nargus, Samiah Shahid, Wajeehah Shahid, Muhammad Umar, Yosef Manla, Ali Mansour, Hamid Reza Marateb, Parham Mardi, Leili Salehi, Abdoljalal Marjani, Gholamreza Roshandel, Hamed Markazi Moghadam, Gabriel Martinez, Ramon Martinez-Piedra, F.R. Martins-Melo, Miquel Martorell, Wolfgang Marx, Roy Rillera Marzo, Samidi N K. Navaratna, Dakshitha Praneeth Wickramasinghe, Alexander G. Mathioudakis, Medha Mathur, Navgeet Mathur, Jishanth Mattumpuram, Mohsen Mazidi, Mariam Molokhia, Charles D A. Wolfe, Sepideh Mehravar, Tesfahun Mekene Meto, Max Alberto Mendez Mendez-Lopez, Walter Mendoza, Laverne G. Mensah, A.A. Mentis, Abera M. Mersha, K.D. Mettananda, Sachith Mettananda, Adquate Mhlanga, Jacques Lukenze Tamuzi, Enoch Teye-Kwadjo, Irmina Maria Michalek, Antonio Mirijello, Erkin M. Mirrakhimov, Chaitanya Mittal, Seyedehfatemeh Mohajelin, Jama Mohamed, Nouh Saad Mohamed, Ameen Mosa Mohammad, Hussen Mohammed, Mustapha Mohammed, Arokiasamy Perianayagam, Giridhara Rathnaiah Babu, Shehu Salihu Umar, Lorenzo Monasta, Luca Ronfani, Stefania Mondello, Amirali Moodi Ghalibaf, Yousef Moradi, Paula Moraga, Lidia Morawska, Rafael Silveira Moreira, Abbas Mosapour, Matías Mrejen, Sumaira Mubarik, Priya Vart, Ronny Westerman, Ulrich Otto Mueller, Francesk Mulita, Georgios-Ioannis Verras, George Ntaios, Ioannis Pantazopoulos, E. Murillo-Zamora, Khaled M. Musallam, Ana-Maria Musina, Woojae Myung, Ayoub Nafei, Ahamarshan Jayaraman Nagarajan, Ganesh R. Naik, Md Jillur Rahim, David C. Schwebel, Firzan Nainu, Vinay Nangia, Sreenivas Narasimha Swamy, Gustavo G. Nascimento, Abdallah Y. Naser, Muhammad Naveed, N, Chakib Nejjari, Georges Nguefack-Tsague, Josephine W. Ngunjiri, Anh Hoang Nguyen, Nhien Ngoc Y. Nguyen, Hoang Tran Pham, Phat Tuan Nguyen, Duc Nguyen Tran Minh, Robina Khan Niazi, Yeshambel T. Nigatu, Nasrin Nikravangolsefid, Sanaz Vahdati, Majid Nozari, Chisom Adaobi Nri-Ezedi, Mengistu H. Nunemo, Dieta Nurrika, Jerry John Nutor, Masayuki Teramoto, Chimezie Igwegbe Nzoputam, Ogochukwu Janet Nzoputam, Bogdan Oancea, Michael Safo Oduro, In-Hwan Oh, Hassan Okati-Aliabad, Osaretin Christabel Okonji, Andrew T. Olagunju, Matthew Idowu Olatubi, G.M.M. Oliveira, Bolajoko Olubukunola Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun Olusanya, Goran Latif Omer, Sokking Ong, Obinna E. Onwujekwe, Michal Ordak, Magdalena Zielinska, Esteban Ortiz-Prado, Wael M S. Osman, Sergej M. Ostojic, Djordje S. Popovic, Uchechukwu Levi Osuagwu, Kritika Rana, Stanislav S. Otstavnov, Sergey Konstantinovitch Vladimirov, Vasily Vlassov, Mahesh Padukudru P. A, Jagadish Rao Padubidri, Pramod Kumar Pal, Hai-Feng Pan, Songhomitra Panda-Jonas, Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan, Georgios D. Panos, Leonidas D. Panos, Romil R. Parikh, Jennifer Rickard, Eun-Kee Park, Seoyeon Park, Shakthi Kumaran Ramasamy, Nicholas Parsons, Ashwaghosha Parthasarathi, Roberto Passera, Jay Patel, Colin R. Simpson, Taddese Alemu Zerfu, Shankargouda Patil, Kannan RR Rengasamy, Paolo Pedersini, Umberto Pensato, Norberto Perico, Giuseppe Remuzzi, Simone Perna, Michael R. Phillips, Enrico Pisoni, Evgenii Plotnikov, Ramesh Poluru, Ville T. Ponkilainen, Disha Prabhu, Sergio I. Prada, Jalandhar Pradhan, Akila Prashant, Tina Priscilla, Bharathi M. Purohit, Rajesh Sagar, Abhishek Shankar, Jagadeesh Puvvula, Nameer Hashim Qasim, Asma Saleem Qazi, Rabail Zehra Raza, Gangzhen Qian, Venkatraman Radhakrishnan, Alberto Raggi, Nasiru Raheem, Fakher Rahim, Tafhimur Rahman, Amir Masoud Rahmani, Setyaningrum Rahmawaty, Diego Raimondo, Adarsh Raja, Prashant Rajput, Majed Ramadan, Pramod W. Ramteke, Rishabh Kumar Rana, Chhabi Lal Ranabhat, Amey Rane, Vahid Rashedi, Ahmed Mustafa Rashid, Azad Rasul, Devarajan Rathish, Kosala Gayan Weerakoon, Elrashdy Moustafa Mohamed Redwan, Stefano Restaino, Luis Felipe Reyes, Zahra Sadat Rezaei, Mohsen Rezaeian, Hermano Alexandre Lima Rocha, Debby Syahru Romadlon, Moustaq Karim Khan Rony, Kunle Rotimi, Himanshu Sekhar Rout, Pragyan Monalisa Sahoo, Chandan Kumar Swain, Maheswar Satpathy, Bedanta Roy, Enrico Rubagotti, Guilherme de Andrade Ruela, Michele Russo, Marwa Rashad Salem, Cameron John Sabet, Mohammad Reza Saeb, Umar Saeed, Sher Zaman Safi, Mirza Rizwan Sajid, Hossein Samadi Kafil, Ali Shamekh, Sivan Yegnanarayana Iyer Saraswathy, Rodrigo Sarmiento- Suárez, Gargi Sachin Sarode, Sachin C. Sarode, Christophe Schinckus, Jef Van den Eynde, Falk Schwendicke, Siddharthan Selvaraj, Pallav Sengupta, Subramanian Senthilkumaran, Yashendra Sethi, Allen Seylani, Pritik A. Shah, Hamid R. Shahsavari, Masood Ali Shaikh, Medha Sharath, Javad Sharifi-Rad, Anupam Sharma, Manoj Sharma, Rajesh P. Shastry, Mahabalesh Shetty, Peilin Shi, Mika Shigematsu, Tariku Shimels, Rahman Shiri, Sunil Shrestha, Kerem Shuval, Jaspreet Kaur Sidhu, L.M.R. Silva, Abhinav Singh, Harmanjit Singh, Jasbir Singh, Paramdeep Singh, Paramdeep Singh, S.T. Skou, Shipra Solanki, Yi Song, Ireneous N. Soyiri, Chandrashekhar T. Sreeramareddy, Muhammad Haroon Stanikzai, Antonina V. Starodubova, Paschalis Steiropoulos, Leo Stockfelt, Kurt Straif, Rizwan Suliankatchi Abdulkader, Abida Sultana, Jing Sun, Lukasz Szarpak, Mindy D. Szeto, Payam Tabaee Damavandi, Rafael Tabarés-Seisdedos, Seyed-Amir Tabatabaeizadeh, Karen M. Tabb, Yasaman Taheri Abkenar, Arit Udoh, Moslem Taheri Soodejani, Jabeen Taiba, Haosu Tang, Nathan Y. Tat, Nuno Taveira, Pugazhenthan Thangaraju, Kavumpurathu Raman Thankappan, Nihal Thomas, Lau Caspar Thygesen, Jansje Henny Vera Ticoalu, Dinesh Timalsena, Tenaw Yimer Tiruye, Emebet Gashaw Wassie, Marcello Tonelli, Roman Topor-Madry, An Thien Tran, Nghia Minh Tran, Domenico Trico, Thien Tan Tri Tai Truyen, Aristidis Tsatsakis, Steven T. Turnock, Saeed Ullah, Srikanth Umakanthan, Brigid Unim, Asokan Govindaraj Vaithinathan, Tommi Juhani Vasankari, Milena Vasic, Mathavaswami Vijayageetha, Jorge Hugo Villafañe, Manish Vinayak, Bay Vo, Yasir Waheed, Fang Wang, Dehui Yin, Shaopan Wang, Shaopan Wang, Yanqing Wang, Mary Njeri Wanjau, Robert G. Weintraub, Yi Feng Wen, Jingya Zhang, Taweewat Wiangkham, Evi Widowati, Dongze Wu, Felicia Wu, Jiayuan Wu, Zenghong Wu, Hong Xiao, Suowen Xu, Rakesh Yadav, Yuichiro Yano, Naohiro Yonemoto, Renjulal Yesodharan, Subah Abderehim Yesuf, Saber Yezli, Arzu Yigit, Vahit Yigit, Mustafa Z. Younis, Elaine A. Yu, Yong Yu, Uzma Zafar, Liqun Zhang, Yunquan Zhang, Zhiqiang Zhang, Yang Zhao, Zhongyi Zhao, Bolun Zhou, Juexiao Zhou, Shangcheng Zhou, Bin Zhu, Ghazal Zoghi, Samer H. Zyoud
Background: Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) and provide a reference forecast (the most likely future), and alternative scenarios assessing disease burden trajectories if selected sets of risk factors were eliminated from current levels by 2050. Methods: Using forecasts of major drivers of health such as the Socio-demographic Index (SDI; a composite measure of lag-distributed income per capita, mean years of education, and total fertility under 25 years of age) and the full set of risk factor exposures captured by GBD, we provide cause-specific forecasts of mortality, years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) by age and sex from 2022 to 2050 for 204 countries and territories, 21 GBD regions, seven super-regions, and the world. All analyses were done at the cause-specific level so that only risk factors deemed causal by the GBD comparative risk assessment influenced future trajectories of mortality for each disease. Cause-specific mortality was modelled using mixed-effects models with SDI and time as the main covariates, and the combined impact of causal risk factors as an offset in the model. At the all-cause mortality level, we captured unexplained variation by modelling residuals with an autoregressive integrated moving average model with drift attenuation. These all-cause forecasts constrained the cause-specific forecasts at successively deeper levels of the GBD cause hierarchy using cascading mortality models, thus ensuring a robust estimate of cause-specific mortality. For non-fatal measures (eg, low back pain), incidence and prevalence were forecasted from mixed-effects models with SDI as the main covariate, and YLDs were computed from the resulting prevalence forecasts and average disability weights from GBD. Alternative future scenarios were constructed by replacing appropriate reference trajectories for risk factors with hypothetical trajectories of gradual elimination of risk factor exposure from current levels to 2050. The scenarios were constructed from various sets of risk factors: environmental risks (Safer Environment scenario), risks associated with communicable, maternal, neonatal, and nutritional diseases (CMNNs; Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination scenario), risks associated with major non-communicable diseases (NCDs; Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario), and the combined effects of these three scenarios. Using the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways climate scenarios SSP2-4.5 as reference and SSP1-1.9 as an optimistic alternative in the Safer Environment scenario, we accounted for climate change impact on health by using the most recent Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change temperature forecasts and published trajectories of ambient air pollution for the same two scenarios. Life expectancy and healthy life expectancy were computed using standard methods. The forecasting framework includes computing the age-sex-specific future population for each location and separately for each scenario. 95% uncertainty intervals (UIs) for each individual future estimate were derived from the 2·5th and 97·5th percentiles of distributions generated from propagating 500 draws through the multistage computational pipeline. Findings: In the reference scenario forecast, global and super-regional life expectancy increased from 2022 to 2050, but improvement was at a slower pace than in the three decades preceding the COVID-19 pandemic (beginning in 2020). Gains in future life expectancy were forecasted to be greatest in super-regions with comparatively low life expectancies (such as sub-Saharan Africa) compared with super-regions with higher life expectancies (such as the high-income super-region), leading to a trend towards convergence in life expectancy across locations between now and 2050. At the super-region level, forecasted healthy life expectancy patterns were similar to those of life expectancies. Forecasts for the reference scenario found that health will improve in the coming decades, with all-cause age-standardised DALY rates decreasing in every GBD super-region. The total DALY burden measured in counts, however, will increase in every super-region, largely a function of population ageing and growth. We also forecasted that both DALY counts and age-standardised DALY rates will continue to shift from CMNNs to NCDs, with the most pronounced shifts occurring in sub-Saharan Africa (60·1% [95% UI 56·8–63·1] of DALYs were from CMNNs in 2022 compared with 35·8% [31·0–45·0] in 2050) and south Asia (31·7% [29·2–34·1] to 15·5% [13·7–17·5]). This shift is reflected in the leading global causes of DALYs, with the top four causes in 2050 being ischaemic heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, compared with 2022, with ischaemic heart disease, neonatal disorders, stroke, and lower respiratory infections at the top. The global proportion of DALYs due to YLDs likewise increased from 33·8% (27·4–40·3) to 41·1% (33·9–48·1) from 2022 to 2050, demonstrating an important shift in overall disease burden towards morbidity and away from premature death. The largest shift of this kind was forecasted for sub-Saharan Africa, from 20·1% (15·6–25·3) of DALYs due to YLDs in 2022 to 35·6% (26·5–43·0) in 2050. In the assessment of alternative future scenarios, the combined effects of the scenarios (Safer Environment, Improved Childhood Nutrition and Vaccination, and Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenarios) demonstrated an important decrease in the global burden of DALYs in 2050 of 15·4% (13·5–17·5) compared with the reference scenario, with decreases across super-regions ranging from 10·4% (9·7–11·3) in the high-income super-region to 23·9% (20·7–27·3) in north Africa and the Middle East. The Safer Environment scenario had its largest decrease in sub-Saharan Africa (5·2% [3·5–6·8]), the Improved Behavioural and Metabolic Risks scenario in north Africa and the Middle East (23·2% [20·2–26·5]), and the Improved Nutrition and Vaccination scenario in sub-Saharan Africa (2·0% [–0·6 to 3·6]). Interpretation: Globally, life expectancy and age-standardised disease burden were forecasted to improve between 2022 and 2050, with the majority of the burden continuing to shift from CMNNs to NCDs. That said, continued progress on reducing the CMNN disease burden will be dependent on maintaining investment in and policy emphasis on CMNN disease prevention and treatment. Mostly due to growth and ageing of populations, the number of deaths and DALYs due to all causes combined will generally increase. By constructing alternative future scenarios wherein certain risk exposures are eliminated by 2050, we have shown that opportunities exist to substantially improve health outcomes in the future through concerted efforts to prevent exposure to well established risk factors and to expand access to key health interventions. Funding: Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. © 2024 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license
Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation; Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine; Department of Applied Mathematics; School of Medicine; Division of Pediatric Hematology-Oncology; Department of Global Health; Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine; Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery; Henry M Jackson School of International Studies; University of Washington, Seattle, WA, United States; Department of Disease Burden; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Bergen, Norway; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery; Department of Radiology; Division of Cardiology; Cardiovascular Research Center; Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, United States; Aleta Wondo Hospital, Aleta Wondo, Ethiopia; Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases; La Sapienza University, Rome, Italy; Radiology Department; University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, United States; T.H. Chan School of Public Health; Center for Primary Care; Harvard Business School; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine; Department of Health Policy and Oral Epidemiology; Department of Global Health and Social Medicine; Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center; Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States; Urology Department; Internal Medicine Department of SBMU; Psychiatric Nursing and Management Department; Department of Medical Genetics; Center for Comprehensive Genetic Services; Obstetrics and Gynecology Department; Obesity Research Center; Department of Immunology; Department of Health Policy and Management; Safety Promotion and Injury Prevention Research Center; Department of Neurosurgery; Ophthalmic Epidemiology Research Center; Social Determinants of Health Research Center; Department of Orthopedics; Research Center for Social Determinants of Health; Student Research Committee; Department of Epidemiology; Department of Anesthesiology; Ophthalmic Research Center ORC; Emergency Department; Department of Medical Education; Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; The Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences TIPS; School of Pharmacy; Research Center for Immunodeficiencies; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network USERN; Digestive Diseases Research Institute; Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center; Department of Pediatric Neurology; Department of Scientific Research; Iranian Research Center for HIV/AIDS; Department of Cardiology; Department of Ophthalmology; Cardiac Primary Prevention Research Center; Department of Cardiac Electrophysiology; Center for Research and Training in Skin Diseases and Leprosy; Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center; Children's Medical Center; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Institute, India; Department of Pediatric Cardiology; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics; Water Quality Research Center; NeuroTRACT Association; Department of Physiotherapy; Research Center for Waraffected People; Department of Cardiovascular Diseases; Department of Pharmacology; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation; Department of Neurology; Department of Medicine; Department of Pharmaceutical Care; Research Center for Rational Use of Drugs; Department of Pathology; Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Mathematics and Sciences; Department of Clinical Sciences; College of Medicine; Department of Education; Nonlinear Dynamics Research Center NDRC; Center for Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research; Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Biomedical Informatics and Medical Statistics Department; Pediatric Dentistry and Dental Public Health Department; Department of Tropical Health and Parasitology; Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt; Marshall University, Huntington, WV, United States; Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt; Memorial University, St. John's, NL, Canada; University of Setif Algeria, Setif, Algeria; Department of Community Medicine; Department of Nursing Science; Bayero University Kano, Kano, Nigeria; Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China; Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia; Babcock University, Ilishan-Remo, Nigeria; Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences; Institute of Health Research; Department of Microbiology and Immunology; University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana; Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences, and Society; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery; Department of Global Public Health; Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden; Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland; Madda Walabu University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Jimma University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Nursing; Department of Maternal and Child Nursing and Public Health; Department of Maternal and Public Health; Department of Clinical Medicine; Clinical Hospital; Department of Applied Nursing; Department of Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine; Vaccination Research Observatory; Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil; Khomein University of Medical Sciences, Khomein, Iran; Satras Biotechnology Company, Tehran, Iran; Al Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Department of Veterinary Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Lagos, Nigeria; Department of Nursing Education and Research; Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar; Department of Woman and Child Health and Public Health; Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic IRCCS), Rome, Italy; Università Cattolica di Roma (Catholic University of Rome), Rome, Italy; University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States; Edo State University Uzairue, Iyamho, Nigeria; Osun State University, Osogbo, Nigeria; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health; Department of Microbiology; Department of Biological Sciences; Department of Biochemistry; University of Medical Sciences, Ondo, Nigeria; Department of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics; Department of Periodontology and Community Dentistry; Department of Health Promotion and Education; University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria; Muhammadiyah University of Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia; Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh; National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health; Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Center of Excellence in Higher Education for Pharmaceutical Care Innovation; Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, Indonesia; Health Management and Economics Research Center; Department of Health Information Management; Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center; Minimally Invasive Surgery Research Center; Eye Research Center; Department of Health Economics; Comprehensive Research Laboratory; Department of Physiology; Physiology Research Center; Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Life Sciences; University of Management and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; King Edward Memorial Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan; Public Health Institute, Lahore, Pakistan; University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana; McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences; Department of General Surgery and Medical-Surgical Specialties; University of Catania, Catania, Italy; Ashoka University, Sonipat, India; Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States; Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences; Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada; School of Nursing and Midwifery; University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Pediatrics; Shaqra University, Shaqra, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmacy Practice and Pharmacotherapeutics; Clinical Sciences Department; Department of Basic Biomedical Sciences; Sharjah Institute for Medical Research; Basic Medical Sciences Department; Research Institute of Medical & Health Sciences; Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics; Department of Finance and Economics; Department of Basic Medical Sciences; College of Pharmacy; Department of Medicinal Chemistry; University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Department of Clinical Nursing; University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Abasyn University, Peshawar, Pakistan; Gilbert and Rose- Marie Chagoury School of Medicine; Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon; Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, United States; King Edward Medical University Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b,), Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Surgical Sciences; Department of Medical Cell Biology; Department of Medical Sciences; Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden; Unit of Basic Medical Sciences; University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad, Pakistan; Jamia Hamdard, Delhi, India; Department of Computer Science; Department of Geography; East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, United States; University of Patras, Patras, Greece; University General Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Midwestern University, Downers Grove, IL, United States; Department of Preventive Medicine; Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, United States; Health System and Population Studies Division; Maternal and Child Health Division; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; HQ, Ministry of Health, Muscat, Oman; Division of Public Health Sciences; John T. Milliken Department of Internal Medicine; Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, United States; Department of Health Information Management and Technology; Division of Forensic Medicine; Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine; Allegheny Health Network, Pittsburgh, PA, United States; Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman; UTHealth, Houston, TX, United States; University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, United States; Al-Sham Private University, Damascus, Syrian Arab Republic; New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United States; Columbia University, New York, United States; US Department of Veterans Affairs (VA), St Louis, MO, United States; Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia; Digital Health and Informatics Directorate; Queensland Health, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, Australia; College of Medicine and Health Sciences; Family Medicine Department; Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering; United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates; Yarmouk University, Irbid, Jordan; Translational Health Research Institute; Department of Engineering; Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Royal Jordanian Medical Services, Amman, Jordan; Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States; Surgical Biotechnology, Royal Free Hospital, UCL; Institute of Cardiovascular Science; Department of Infection; University College London, London, United Kingdom; Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States; Department of Midwifery; Department of Pediatrics and Child Health; Department of Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology; Department of Health Promotion and Behavioral Science; Bahir Dar University, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia; School of Medicine and Public Health; University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Health Services and Hospital Administration; Health Economics Research Group; Department of Pediatric Dentistry; Department of Physical Therapy; Rabigh Faculty of Medicine; Department of Dental Public Health; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan; Hazara University Mansehra, Mansehra, Pakistan; Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Department of Biostatistics; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Bloomberg School of Public Health, United States; The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science; Department of International Health; Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Administration; University of Maiduguri, Maiduguri, Nigeria; Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India; University of Swat, Swat, Pakistan; Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacy Management; University of Nigeria Nsukka, Nsukka, Nigeria; Department of Cell Therapy and Applied Genomics; King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman, Jordan; Department of Biopharmaceutics and Clinical Pharmacy; Department of Mathematics; The University of Jordan, Amman, Jordan; Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy; Fondazione IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy; School of Public Health and Preventative Medicine; Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Surgery; Kuwait University, Kuwait, Kuwait; National University of Malaysia, Bandar Tun Razak, Malaysia; University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan; Department of Paediatrics; University of Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia; University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Sana'a University, Sana'a, Yemen; Taibah University, Medinah, Saudi Arabia; Ibb University, Ibb, Yemen; Department of Rehabilitation Sciences; Department of Clinical Pharmacy; Department of Public Health; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan; Ministry of Finance, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Ministry of Health, Kuwait, Kuwait; Sana'a University, Sanaa, Yemen; Yarmouk Univeristy, Irbid, Jordan; Jordan Center for Disease Control, Amman, Jordan; Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan; Johns Hopkins Aramco Healthcare, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia; Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Nova Medical School, Portugal; Nova University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal; Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla, Colombia; University of Cartagena, Cartagena, Colombia; Azal University for Human Development, Sana'a, Yemen; University of Science and Technology of Fujairah, Fujairah, United Arab Emirates; Heart, Vascular, and Thoracic Institute; Lerner Research Institute; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine; Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States; Jordan University of Science and Technology, Alramtha, Jordan; German Jordanian University, Amman, Jordan; University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States; Health Human Resources Research Center; Shiraz Neuroscience Research Center; Department of Community Nutrition; Department of Health Services Management; Department of Clinical Biochemistry; Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran; Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China; Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt; Nephrology and Urology Research Center; Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; African Population and Health Research Center, Nairobi, Kenya; Department of Legal Medicine and Bioethics; Department of General Surgery; Department of Anatomy and Embryology; Department of Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases; Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Urology; Institute for Social Science Research; School of Dentistry; Queensland Brain Institute; School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences; Faculty of Medicine; The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Architecture, Design, and Planning; Charles Perkins Centre; Westmead Clinical School; School of Pharmacy and Charles Perkins Centre; Sydney Medical School; School of Public Health; Asbestos Diseases Research Institute; School of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering; The Daffodil Centre; School of Veterinary Science; Save Sight Institute; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Technical University of Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Department of Statistics and Econometrics; Faculty of Management; Bucharest University of Economic Studies, Bucharest, Romania; Department of Anatomy; Department of Community Medicine and Family Medicine; Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology; Department of Pharmacology and Research; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Jodhpur, India; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Ernakulam Medical Centre, Palarivattom, Kochi, India; Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, Indonesia; Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing; Inflammatory Lung Diseases Research Center; Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran; Charles Sturt University, Orange, NSW, Australia; Berekum College of Education, Berekum, Ghana; Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana; Independent Consultant, Olbia, Italy; Western University, London, ON, Canada; Department of Gastroenterology; Pontifical Catholic University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt; Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Ottawa University, Surprise, AZ, United States; Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States; Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences; Medical Laboratory; Adigrat University, Adigrat, Ethiopia; Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry; University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria; Health Sciences Department of Oncology Nursing; Haramaya University, Harar, Ethiopia; Department of Surgery and Cancer; WHO Collaborating Centre for Public Health Education and Training; Department of Primary Care and Public Health; Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; UCSI University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russian Federation; Umeå University, Umea, Sweden; Cabrini Health, Malvern, VIC, Australia; Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing; Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran; Faculty of Nursing; Philadelphia University, Amman, Jordan; School of Business; Department of Health Sciences; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; Higher College of Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of KwaZulu- Natal, Durban, South Africa; Autonomous University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain; National School of Public Health; Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Jazan University, Jazan Saudi Arabia, Saudi Arabia; National University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Therapeutic and Diagnostic Technologies Department; Toxicology Research Unit TOXRUN; Cooperativa de Ensino Superior Politécnico e Universitário (Polytechnic and University Higher Education Cooperative), Gandra, Portugal; Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan; Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Shahid Bahonar university of Kerman, Kerman, Iran; University of Canberra, Canberra, ACT, Australia; Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, China; Bispebjerg University Hospital, Frederiksberg, Denmark; Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, United States; Tamil Nadu State Council for Science and Technology, Chennai, India; Institute of Biomedical Engineering; Anhembi Morumbi University, Sao Jose dos Campos, Brazil; Orthodontics Department; Clinical Research Development Unit; Applied Biomedical Research Center; Biotechnology Research Center; Department of Health Education and Health Promotion; Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand; Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Coimbra Chemistry Centre; Department of Geography and Demography; Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research; University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; University of Genoa, Genova, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genova, Italy; University of Münster, Münster, Germany; Melbourne Medical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Institute of Health Science; Jimma University, Jimma, Ethiopia; Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, (NCDRC), Tehran, Iran; Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran; University of Florida, Jacksonville, FL, United States; Research Unit on Applied Molecular Biosciences UCIBIO; Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry LAQV; Institute for Research and Innovation in Health; Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences; Laboratório de Farmacognosia LAQV, Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry; University of Porto, Porto, Portugal; University of West Attica, Athens, Greece; University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Department of Environmental Health Engineering; Cardiology Department; Cardiac Rehabilitation Research Center; Heart Failure Research Center; Neuroscience Research Center; Department of Medical Physics; Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Psychiatry; University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; New York University, New York, NY, United States; Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, United States; Corvinus University of Budapest, Budapest, Hungary; Hungarian Competition Authority, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics; Department of Family and Preventive Medicine; Emory University, Atlanta, GA, United States; Catholic University of Portugal, Rio de Mouro, Portugal; University of Health Sciences and Pharmacy in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, United States; Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Government Institute of Forensic Science, Aurangabad, Aurangabad, India; North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND, United States; Queen Elizabeth Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; NIHR Global Health Research Unit on Global Surgery; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute; Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia; Department of Biotechnology; Central Department of Public Health; Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal; University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, United States; Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States; NSW Brain Clot Bank, Sydney, NSW, Australia; South West Sydney Local Heath District and Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; University Centre for Research and Development; Chandigarh University, Mohali, India; Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, India; Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, India; University of Asia Pacific, Dhaka, Bangladesh; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Deoghar, India; Department of Psychosocial Science; University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway; Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway; School of Business Administration; American University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates; Ministry of Health, Ankara, Turkey; Ghana Health Service, Ho, Ghana; Universidad Santiago de Cali (Santiago de Cali University, Cali), Colombia; University Ferhat Abbas of Setif, Setif, Algeria; University Hospital Saadna Abdenour, Setif, Algeria; School of Population Health; School of Psychiatry; Centre for Research Excellence in Suicide Prevention; School of Public Health and Community Medicine; Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity CPHCE; School of Optometry and Vision Science; Faculty of Medicine and Health; School of Risk and Actuarial Studies; The George Institute for Global Health; University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Howard University, Washington, DC, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs, Seattle, WA, United States; MSc Epidemiology Programme; Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology; Department of Health Services Research and Policy; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom; Department of Computer and Information Science and Engineering; Biology and Emerging Pathogens Institute; University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States; University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Universidad Pablo de Olavid (Pablo de Olavide University), Seville, Spain; Universidad Pablo de Olavid; German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany; United Kingdom Health Security Agency, London, United Kingdom; Nuffield Department of Population Health; Nuffield Department of Medicine; Health Economics Research Centre; University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom; College of Nursing and Health Sciences; College of Medicine and Public Health; Department of Nursing and Health Sciences; Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore (Catholic University of Sacred Heart), Rome, Italy; University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada; Al Shifa Trust Eye Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey; University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Craiova, Romania; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences; University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies, Pisa, Italy; Metropolitan Autonomous University, Mexico City, Mexico; Dermatology Unit; Azienda Socio Sanitaria Territoriale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy; University Fernando Pessoa, Porto, Portugal; University of Udine, Udine, Italy; Healthcare Agency "Friuli Occidentale", Pordenone, Italy; Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology; Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil; University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy; University Health Agency Giuliano-Isontina (ASUGI), Trieste, Italy; Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil; Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Urban Planning and Design; Centre for Suicide Research and Prevention; Department of Social Work and Social Administration; University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; National Institute of Epidemiology, Chennai, India; Adamas University, Kolkata, India; Hallym University, Chuncheon, South Korea; Animal Resources Development Department, Agartala, India; Cardiovascular Analytics Group, Hong Kong, China; Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences; Health Research Center; Department of Health Informatics; Department of Health Education and Promotion; Health Education and Promotion; Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia; The Childs Trust Medical Research Foundation CTMRF, Chennai, India; Al-Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King George's Medical University, Lucknow, India; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, United States; Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Public Health and Health Policy; Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States; Cayetano Heredia University, Lima, Peru; Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq; Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China; National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea; Leadership Institute for Global Health Transformation LIGHT; Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine; National University of Singapore, Singapore; School of Digital Science; Institute of Applied Data Analytics; Faculty of Science; Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; Center for Global Health Research; Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals; Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Chennai, India; Viet Nam National University-International School, Hanoi, Viet Nam; AndroUrology Centre, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Psychology; University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, Australia; Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health; University of Milan, Milan, Italy; Lerner College of Medicine; Department of Quantitative Health Science; Department of Neonatology; Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine; Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, United States; Indian Council of Medical Research, New Delhi, India; Division of Women and Child Health; Aga Khan University, Karachi, Pakistan; Ministry of Health and Welfare, New Delhi, India; Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States; Laboratory of Experimental Medicine; Atchabarov Scientific Research Institute of Fundamental and Applied Medicine; Kazakh National Medical University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; National University of Colombia, Bogota, Colombia; Griffith University, Mount Gravatt, QLD, Australia; Albany Medical College, Albany, NY, United States; University of Colima, Colima, Mexico; Colima State Health Services, Colima, Mexico; Infectious Disease Research Center; National Institute of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico; Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom; Second Department of Cardiology; Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece; Gujarat Adani Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhuj, India; Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Chennai, India; Center for Life Sciences Research Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bareilly, India; Pune, Deemed to be University, Department of Pharmacy Practice, Maharashtra, India; National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, India; National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Can Tho University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Can Tho, Viet Nam; Federal University of Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Independent Consultant, Tehran, Iran; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, Trieste, Italy; St. Joseph's University Medical Center, Paterson, NJ, United States; Department of General Medicine; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Mangalore, India; Kasturba Medical College Mangalore, Mangalore, India; Prasanna School of Public health; Department of Pharmacy Management; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India; University of Windsor, Windsor, ON, Canada; Federal University of Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil; Institute of Collective Health; Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil; Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil; SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, India; University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Al Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan; Geospatial Health and Development Team; The Malaria Atlas Project; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland; Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada; University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada; University of Science Malaysia, Kubang Kerian, Malaysia; Department of Biology; Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia; La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging; Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway; Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran; Neurosurgery Department; Jordan Hospital and Medical Centre, Amman, Jordan; Biochemistry Department; Department of Entomology; Medical Ain Shams Research Institute MASRI, Egypt; Neurology Department; Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Pediatric Intensive Care Unit; King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; University of Tripoli, Tripoli, Libya; Mansoura Faculty of Medicine; Faculty of Pharmacy; Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt; Department of Biomedical Sciences; City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Cardiovascular Department; Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt; College of Public Health, Medical, and Veterinary Sciences; James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, Australia; Department of Bacteriology and Virology; Cancer Research Center; Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran; Research Centre for Healthcare and Community; Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom; University College Hospital, Ibadan, Nigeria; IRCCS Pascale, Naples, Italy; National Institute of Statistics, Lisbon, Portugal; Directorate-General of Health (DGS), Lisbon, Portugal; Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão, Brazil; Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran; Centre for Health Policy Research; Torrens University Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Institute of Resource Governance and Social Change, Kupang, Indonesia; National Institute for Stroke and Applied Neurosciences; Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand; Research Center of Neurology, Moscow, Russian Federation; Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care; Department of Medicine and Therapeutics; The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Wollega University, Nekemte, Ethiopia; National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention; Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China; Division of Neurology; University of Toronto, ON, Canada; University of Milan Bicocca, Italy; University of Nicosia, Cyprus; Charité Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Gadjah Mada University, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Stretton Health Equity, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Obafemi Awolowo University, Ile Ife, Nigeria; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research, Yaba, Nigeria; University of Padova, Padova, Italy; University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy; Hospital Santa Maria delle Croci, Ravenna, Italy; Graduate Institute of Injury Prevention and Control; International Master Program for Translational Science; International Ph.D. Program in Medicine; Research Center for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine; Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; Independent Consultant, Seattle, WA, United States; University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil; Federal University of Espirito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary; Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Târgu- Mures, Romania; Aminu Kano Teaching Hospital, Kano, Nigeria; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Milan, Italy; Federation University, Churchill, VIC, Australia; Grant Medical College, Sir J.J. Group of Hospitals, Mumbai, India; Indore Institute of Pharmacy, Indore, India; Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia; Debre Berhan University, Debre Berhan, Ethiopia; Menelik II Medical and Health Science College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia; Aden University, Aden, Yemen; University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; World Health Organization (WHO), Moscow, Russian Federation; Moscow Medical Academy, Moscow, Russian Federation; University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Aksum University, Aksum, Ethiopia; I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Cleveland Clinic Abu Dhabi, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging; Department of Genetics; Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States; Sana Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran; Department of Speech Therapy; Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran; Link Campus University, Rome, Italy; University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, United States; Government of the Federated States of Micronesia, Palikir, Federated States of Micronesia; Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, United States; Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic; University of Siena, Siena, Italy; University Of Sulaimani, Sulaimani, Iraq; Local Health Authority of Bologna, Bologna, Italy; Federal University of Goiás, Goiânia, Brazil; Dignity Health, Phoenix, AZ, United States; University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, United States; University of Peradeniya, Kandy, Sri Lanka; Shree Guru Gobind Singh Tricentenary University, Gurugram, India; Indian Council of Medical Research, Delhi, India; Lehigh Valley Health Network, Allentown, PA, United States; Eternal Heart Care Centre & Research Institute, Jaipur, India; Mahatma Gandhi University Medical Sciences, Jaipur, India; Shriram Institute for Industrial Research, Delhi, India; Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Ireland; T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; University of Kufa, Najaf, Iraq; Charité University Medical Center Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany; Umm AL Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia; American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon; Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany; Charité Institute of Public Health, Berlin, Germany; University of Human Development, Sulaimaniya, Iraq; Dental School; The University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; The Warren Alpert Medical School; Brown University, Providence, RI, United States; University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Universitas Syiah Kuala, Banda Aceh, Indonesia; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Zoology and Entomology; Al-Azhar University, Cairo, Egypt; World University of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran; Palamau Institute of Pharmacy, Daltonganj, India; Institute of Artificial Intelligence in Medicine; University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany; University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada; Murdoch University, Murdoch, WA, Australia; Students Research Committee; Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran; MedStar Health, Columbia, MD, United States; Georgetown University, Washington, DC, United States; Universidad Autónoma de Manizales (Autonomous University of Manizales), Manizales, Colombia; London South Bank University, London, United Kingdom; Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran; Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen; Nankai University, Tianjin, China; Hofstra University, Hempstead, NY, United States; Department of Global Health Policy; University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan; Department of Allergy, Immunology and Dermatology; Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Viet Nam; The Apollo University, Chittoor, India; Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan; Center for Translation Research and Implementation Science; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; Nature Study Society of Bangladesh, Khulna, Bangladesh; Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States; University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Institue for Research and Training in Medicine, Biology and Pharmacy; Duy Tan University, Da Nang, Viet Nam; University of Human Development, Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; National Institute of Legal Medicine Mina Minovici, Bucharest, Romania; Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; Australian National University, Canberra, NSW, Australia; University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center; University of Nizwa, Nizwa, Oman; Roskilde University, Roskilde, Denmark; University of Zakho, Zakho, Iraq; China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Asia University, Taiwan, Taichung, Taiwan; City University of New York, New York, NY, United States; NHS National Services Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa; School of Public Health and Health Management; University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; University of Kragujevac, Kragujevac, Serbia; Sharda University, Greater Noida, India; BRAC University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; Department of Psychology; Deakin University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; Tobruk University, Tobruk, Libya; National Center for Disease Control, Tobruk, Libya; Asian Institute of Medicine, Science and Technology, Kedah, Malaysia; Department of Health Services Research; Research and Development Center for Health Services; University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan; Centre for Health Evaluation and Outcome Sciences, Vancouver, BC, Canada; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Sant Boi de Llobregat, Spain; University of Versailles Saint- Quentin-en-Yvelines, Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; University of Richmond, Richmond, VA, United States; Riga Stradins University, Riga, Latvia; Dubai Municipality, Dubai, United Arab Emirates; Amity Institute of Forensic Sciences; Amity Institute of Pharmacy; Amity Institute of Public Health; Amity University, Noida, India; Daffodil International University, Dhaka, Bangladesh; National Institutes of Health; University of the Philippines Manila, Manila, Philippines; St. Luke's Medical Center, Bonifacio Global City, Philippines; Menzies Institute for Medical Research; University of Tasmania, Hobart, TAS, Australia; University of Puerto Rico Medical Sciences Campus, San Juan, Puerto Rico; Boston University, , MA, Boston, United States; Government Medical College, Mysuru, India; Institute of Health Services Research; Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea; School of Health Sciences; University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran; Jahrom University of Medical Sciences, Jahrom, Iran; Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany; National Open University, Benin City, Nigeria; University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia; University College Cork, Cork, Ireland; Department of Public Health Dentistry; Krishna Vishwa Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University), Karad, India; Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran; Bharti Hospital Karnal, Karnal, India; Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands; University of York, York, United Kingdom; University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana; University of Puthisastra, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; Campaign for Health and Neck Cancer Education CHANCE Programme; Cephas Health Research Initiative Inc, Ibadan, Nigeria; Department of Anthropology; Institute of Forensic Science and Criminology; Panjab University, Chandigarh, India; Majmaah University, Majmaah, Saudi Arabia; School of Cardiovascular and Metabolic Health; University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Center for Environmental and Respiratory Health Research; Martti Ahtisaari Institute; University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; International Research Center of Excellence; Institute of Human Virology Nigeria, Abuja, Nigeria; Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development; Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands; Woldia University, Woldia, Ethiopia; Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, VIC, Australia; National Research Institute for Agriculture, Food and Environment, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Department of Health, Medicine and Human Biology; Sorbonne Paris Nord University, Bobigny, France; Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran; College of Health Sciences; Abu Dhabi University, Adu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran; Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran; NHS North West London, London, United Kingdom; Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, United Kingdom; Ohio University, Zanesville, OH, United States; Jerash University, Jerash, Jordan; Datta Meghe Institute of Higher Education and Research, Wardha, India; Corewell Health East William Beaumont University Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, United States; Miami Cancer Institute, Miami, FL, United States; Clinical Research Development Center CRDC; Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran; Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway; New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States; Department of Pharmaceutics; University of Gondar, Gondar, Ethiopia; Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, United States; University Hospitals Rainbow Babies and Children's Hospital, Cleveland, OH, United States; Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, United States; Xiamen University Malaysia, Sepang, Malaysia; Kristiania University College, Oslo, Norway; Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States; Faculty of Health Sciences; Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway; Department of General Practice; Kharkiv National Medical University, Kharkiv, Ukraine; Department of Population Health Sciences; Duke Global Health Institute; Duke University, Durham, NC, United States; Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Population Science and Human Resource Development; University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi, Bangladesh; College of Public Health & Health Informatics; University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia; Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland; University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland; Shri Vishwakarma Skill University, Palwal, India; Amity Institute of Biotechnology; Amity University Rajasthan, Jaipur, India; Parul University, Gujarat, Vadodara, India; Central University of Gujarat, Gandhinagar, India; University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, United States; City University of London, London, United Kingdom; University of Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia; University of Environment and Sustainable Development, Somanya, Ghana; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Institute for Social and Health Sciences; University of South Africa, Pretoria, South Africa; Foundation for People-centric Health Systems, New Delhi, India; Indian Institute of Health Management Research University, Jaipur, India; Department of Virology; University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; NEVES Society for Patient Safety, Budapest, Hungary; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, United States; Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO, United States; Institute of Medical Sciences, Las Tablas, Panama; Department of Health Sciences DISSAL; University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany; HelpMeSee, New York, NY, United States; Department of Behavioural Sciences and Learning; Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Uppsala University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden; Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, India; University of Medicine and Pharmacy at Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Cardiovascular Research Department; Department of Cardiovascular Research; Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, IN, United States; Monash University, Burwood, VIC, Australia; College of Optometry; Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, FL, United States; Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, South Korea; Gachon University, Seongnam, South Korea; Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon-si, South Korea; Monash University, Bandar Sunway, Malaysia; Taylor's University Lakeside Campus, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Korea University, Seoul, South Korea; National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan; Norrtälje hospital (Tiohundra), Norrtälje, Sweden; Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia; Guiqian International General Hospital, Guiyang, China; German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbrücke, Potsdam, Germany; Department of Physical Medicine and Nursing; University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain; National Research Centre for the Working Environment, Copenhagen, Denmark; Universidad de Las Américas, Quito, Ecuador; Center for Research and Innovation; Ateneo De Manila University, Pasig City, Philippines; University of Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora, Brazil; Wuhan University, Wuhan, China; Novo Nordisk, Plainsboro, NJ, United States; Department of Food Technology; Salahaddin University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; Department of Nutrition and Dietetics; Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Iraq; University of the West of England, Bristol, United Kingdom; University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Department of Propedeutics of Internal Diseases & Arterial Hypertension; Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland; Mysore Medical College & Research Institute, Mysooru, India; Government of Karnataka, Bangalore, India; Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders Unit; South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa; University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa; Taibah University, Al-Madinah Al- Munawarrah, Saudi Arabia; Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran; Burnet Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; University Institute of Public Health; Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; Research Centre for Health Sciences RCHS; Department of Physics; Lahore Business School; The University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan; Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, United States; ENSTA Bretagne, Brest, France; Nepal Health Research Council, Kathmandu, Nepal; Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (Barcelona Tech - UPC), Barcelona, Spain; Smart University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Research Center for Health, Safety and Environment; Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran; Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Leibniz University Hannover, Hannover, Germany; Ruhr Graduate School in Economics, Essen, Germany; Mayor University, Cartagena, Colombia; Autonomous Technology Institute of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico; Pan American Health Organization, Washington, DC, United States; Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; University of Concepcion, Concepción, Chile; University of Concepción, Concepción, Chile; Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia; Curtin University, Sarawak, Malaysia; Monash University, Subang Jaya, Malaysia; Postgraduate Institute of Medicine; University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka; University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom; Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, United Kingdom; Geetanjali Medical College and Hospital, Udaipur, India; Apollo Hospital, Hyderabad, India; University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States; Mahidol Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Bangkok, Thailand; Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine; School of Population Health and Environmental Sciences; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; IRCCS, Bologna, Italy; Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Queensland University of Technology, Kelvin Grove, QLD, Australia; Cedar Associates, Los Angeles, CA, United States; Arba Minch University, Arbaminch, Ethiopia; Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland; United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), Lima, Peru; National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States; BGI Genomics, Copenhagen, Denmark; Breast Surgery Unit; Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; University North, Varazdin, Croatia; University of Kelaniya, Ragama, Sri Lanka; North Colombo Teadhing Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Colombo North Teaching Hospital, Ragama, Sri Lanka; Loyola University Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Industrial Psychology; Stellenbosch University, Cape Town, South Africa; National Cancer Registry; Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Warsaw, Poland; IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza General Hospital, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy; Kyrgyz State Medical Academy, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; National Center of Cardiology and Internal Disease, Bishkek, Kyrgyzstan; Dr. B. C. Roy Multi-Specialty Medical Research Centre, Kharagpur, India; Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran; Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom; College of Applied and Natural Science; University of Hargeisa, Hargeisa, Somalia; Bio-Statistical and Molecular Biology Department; Sirius Training and Research Centre, Khartoum, Sudan; University of Duhok, Duhok, Iraq; Dire Dawa University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia; Social and Economic Survey Research Institute; Department of Population Medicine; Qatar University, Doha, Qatar; Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria, Nigeria; Burlo Garofolo Institute for Maternal and Child Health, Trieste, Italy; Messina University, Messina, Italy; Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran; Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil; Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil; Babol University of Medical Sciences, Babol, Iran; Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran; London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom; Fluminense Federal University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; University Medical Center, Groningen, Netherlands; University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Federal Institute for Population Research, Wiesbaden, Germany; Center for Population and Health, Wiesbaden, Germany; General University Hospital of Patras, Patras, Greece; Department of Emergency Medicine; University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece; Mexican Institute of Social Security, Villa de Alvarez, Mexico; Universidad de Colima, Colima, Mexico; Burjeel Medical City, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of Medicine and Pharmacy Grigore T. Popa, Iasi, Romania; Regional Institute of Oncology Iasi, Iasi, Romania; Institute of Mother & Child Care, Multan, Pakistan; Department of Food and Nutrition; Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea; Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, South Korea; Research and Academic Institution, Tehran, Iran; Initiative for Financing Health and Human Development, Chennai, India; Bioinsilico Technologies, Chennai, India; Department of Health Policy and Organization; Department of Health Services Administration; University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States; Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia; Mysore Medical College and Research Institute; Government Medical College, Mysore, India; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore; Isra University, Amman, Jordan; University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, Sri Lanka; University of Central Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan; Xiamen University, Xiamen, China; Fourth Department of General Surgery; Emergency University Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Cardio-Aid, Bucharest, Romania; Euromed University of Fes, Fez, Morocco; University Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah, Fez, Morocco; Bahir Dar University, Gondar, Ethiopia; University of Yaoundé I, Yaoundé, Cameroon; University of Embu, Embu, Kenya; Thai Binh University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Thai Binh City, Viet Nam; University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States; Methodist Hospital, Merrillville, Merrillville, IN, United States; Children 2 Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Danang Family Hospital, Danang, Viet Nam; Shiga University of Medical Science, Shiga, Japan; Institute for Mental Health and Policy; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Informatics and Radiology; Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States; Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia; Keio University, Tokyo, Japan; Shahjalal University of Science and Technology, Sylhet, Bangladesh; Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam, Iran; Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Awka, Nigeria; Wachemo University, Addis, Ababa, Ethiopia; Banten School of Health Science, South Tangerang, Indonesia; Higher Education Service Institutions (LL-DIKTI) Region IV, Bandung, Indonesia; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of Benin, Benin City, Nigeria; University of Benin, Edo, Nigeria; Benson Idahosa University, Benin City, Nigeria; University of Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; Pfizer Inc., Groton, CT, United States; Kyung Hee University, Seoul, South Korea; Zahedan University of Medical Sciences, Zahedan, Iran; University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa; McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada; University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria; Bowen University, Iwo, Nigeria; Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Surgery Department; Sulaimani University, Sulaimani, Iraq; Tor Vergata University of Rome, Rome, Italy; Ministry of Health, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; Pantai Jerudong Specialist Centre, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam; University of Nigeria Nsukka, Enugu, Nigeria; Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacogenomics; Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Ho Teaching Hospital, Ho Municipality, Ghana; The Institute for Health Research Foundation, Jiménez Díaz University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Universidad Diego Portales, Quito, Ecuador; Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates; University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia; Western Sydney University, Campbelltown, NSW, Australia; University of KwaZulu-Natal, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa; Department of Information Technologies and Management; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, Russian Federation; Department of Health Care Administration and Economics; National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russian Federation; University Hospital of Setif, Setif, Algeria; Baptist Health South Florida, Miami, FL, United States; Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysore, India; Kasturba Medical College, Mangalore, India; National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences, Bangalore, India; Hungarian Health Management Association, Budapest, Hungary; Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; National Research and Innovation Agency Republic of Indonesia (BRIN), Jakarta, Indonesia; Nottingham University Hospitals Queen's Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, United Kingdom; University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom; University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, United States; Kosin University, Busan, South Korea; Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States; Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ, United States; Allergy Asthma and Chest Center, Mysore, India; University of Torino, Torino, Italy; AOU Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Torino, Italy; Usher Institute, United Kingdom; College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine; Public Health Department; University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; Author Gate Publications, Malegaon, India; Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UT, United States; Saveetha University, Chennai, India; European Interbalkan Medical Center, Thessaloniki, Greece; IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi, Milan, Italy; IRCCS Humanitas Research Hospital, Milan, Italy; University of Bahrain, Sakir, Bahrain; Diego Portales University, Santiago, Chile; Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China; Columbia University, New York, NY, United States; Hôpital Necker - Enfants Malades, Paris, France; European Commission, Ispra, Italy; Tomsk Polytechnic University, Tomsk, Russian Federation; Tomsk National Research Medical Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Tomsk, Russian Federation; University Medical Center (UMC), Astana, Kazakhstan; The INCLEN Trust International, New Delhi, India; University of Tampere, Tampere, Finland; Clinical Center of Vojvodina, Novi Sad, Serbia; Centro de Investigaciones Clinicas Clinical Research Center; Fundación Valle del Lili, Cali, Colombia; National Institute of Technology Rourkela, Rourkela, India; Jagadguru Sri Shivarathreeswara University, Mysuru, India; Apollo Institute of Medical Sciences and Research, Hyderabad, India; Department of Radiation Oncology; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India; University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States; Cihan University Sulaimaniya, Sulaimaniya, Iraq; National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS), Rawalpindi, Pakistan; Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China; Isfahan Cariovascular Research Institute, Isfahan, Iran; Cancer Institute W.I.A, Chennai, India; Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy; Mobiddo Adama University Teaching Hospital -Yola, Yola, Nigeria; Cihan University-Sulaymaniyah, Sulaimaniya, Iraq; The University of Newcastle, Wollongong, NSW, Australia; Federation University Australia, Berwick, VIC, Australia; The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL, United States; National Yunlin University of Science and Technology, Yunlin, Taiwan; Student Research Committee, Rasht, Iran; Muhammadiyah University of Surakarta, Surakarta, Indonesia; Occupational Health Unit; Sant'Orsola Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy; Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan; Population Health; King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Mure Memorial Hospital, Nagpur, India; RTM Nagpur University, Nagpur, India; Shaheed Nirmal Mahto Medical College and Hospital, Dhanbad, India; Policy Research Institute, Kathmandu, Nepal; Global Center for Research and Development, Kathmandu, Nepal; Agios Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, United States; Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA, United States; Jinnah Sindh Medical University, Karachi, Pakistan; Soran University, Soran, Iraq; Department of Parasitology; Rajarata University of Sri Lanka, Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka; Academic Public Health England; Public Health England, London, United Kingdom; King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Egypt; Research and Academic Institution, Alexandria, Egypt; North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa; Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Friuli Centrale - Udine, Udine, Italy; Universidad de La Sabana (Savannah University), Chia, Colombia; Clinica Universidad De La Sabana (Savannah University Clinic), Chia, Colombia; Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran; University of Connecticut, , CT, Farmington, United States; University Teaching Hospital of Kigali, Kigali, Rwanda; Federal University of Ceará, Fortaleza, Brazil; Universidad de Antioquia, Medellin, Colombia; Federal University of Uberlândia, Uberlândia, Brazil; Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Directorate General of Health Services, Gazipur, Bangladesh; Malaria Consortium, Abuja, Nigeria; West African Postgraduate College of Pharmacists, Lagos, Nigeria; UGC Centre of Advanced Study in Psychology; Utkal University, Bhubaneswar, India; Quest International University Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia; Corporación Colombiana de Investigación Agropecuaria AGROSAVIA (Colombian Agricultural Research Corporation), Bogota, Colombia; Juiz de For a Federal University, Governador Valadares, Brazil; Universidade Presidente Antônio Carlos (President Antônio Carlos University), Governador Valadares, Brazil; National Institute for Medical Research, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania; Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom; S. Maria dei Battuti Hospital, AULSS 2 Veneto, Conegliano, Italy; Public Health and Community Medicine Department; Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia; Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland; Foundation University, Islamabad, Pakistan; Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing; MAHSA University, Selangor, Malaysia; COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan; University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan; A.C.S. Medical College and Hospital, Karaj, Iran; Aging Research Institute; Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran; Indira Gandhi Medical College and Research Institute, Puducherry, India; Department of Health and Society; University of Applied and Environmental Sciences, Bogota, Colombia; Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain; Dr. D. Y. Patil University, Pune, India; Department of Post-Harvest Technology and Marketing; Patuakhali Science and Technology University, Patuakhali, Bangladesh; National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece; University of the Fraser Valley, Abbotsford, BC, Canada; International School of Management, Paris, France; Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Clinic for Conservative Dentistry and Periodontology; University Hospital of the Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany; AIMST University, Bedong, Malaysia; Gulf Medical University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates; Manian Medical Centre, Erode, India; Government Doon Medical College, Dehradun, India; National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, United States; Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences, Bangalore, India; Healthcare Global Limited Cancer Care Hospital, Bangalore, India; Institute for Advanced Studies in Basic Sciences (IASBS), Zanjan, Iran; Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bangalore, India; Baim Institute for Clinical Research, Boston, MA, United States; Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, Cuenca, Ecuador; Fortis Hospital, Noida, India; University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, United States; Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Yenepoya Research Center, Mangalore, India; Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; Nitte University, Mangalore, India; Tufts University, Boston, MA, United States; Saint Paul's Hospital Millennium Medical College, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Monash University, Selangor, Malaysia; Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases; Erasmus University, Rotterdam, Netherlands; Amrita School of Medicine, Faridabad, India; Polytechnic Institute of Guarda, Guarda, Portugal; University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal; Federal University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhopal, India; Guru Angad Dev Veterinary & Animal Sciences University, Ludhiana, India; Central University of Punbjab, Bathinda, India; Government Medical College and Hospital, Chandigarh, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bilaspur, India; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bathinda, India; Punjabi University, Patiala, Patiala, India; University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark; Næstved-Slagelse-Ringsted Hospitals, Slagelse, Denmark; "Sf. Pantelimon" Emergency Clinical Hospital Bucharest, Bucharest, Romania; American University of Integrative Sciences, Barbados; Peking University, Beijing, China; University of Hull, Hull City, United Kingdom; International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Kandahar University, Kandahar, Afghanistan; Federal Research Institute of Nutrition, Biotechnology and Food Safety, Moscow, Russian Federation; Pirogov Russian National Research Medical University, Moscow, Russian Federation; Democritus University of Thrace, Alexandroupolis, Greece; Institute of Health and Care Sciences; University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden; Boston College, Boston, MA, United States; School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences; Deakin University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Indian Council of Medical Research, Chennai, India; Independent Consultant, Khulna, Bangladesh; EviSyn Health, Khulna, Bangladesh; Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, Australia; Griffith University, QLD, Australia; Maria Sklodowska-Curie Medical Academy, Warsaw, Poland; LUXMED Group, Warsaw, Poland; University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, United States; Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland (NSI), Lugano, Switzerland; University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Madrid, Spain; Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, Iran; University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, United States; Department of Health and Community Sciences; University of Exeter, Exeter, United Kingdom; Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran; University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States; Northlands Medical Group, Omuthiya, Namibia; Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China; Rice University, Houston, TX, United States; Enventure Medical Innovation, Houston, TX, United States; Research Institute for Medicines; Universidade de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal; University of Ghana, Legon, Ghana; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Raipur, India; Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences, Kochi, India; Christian Medical College and Hospital (CMC), Vellore, India; University of Southern Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark; Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado, Indonesia; Dhulikhel Hospital Kathmandu University Hospital, Dhulikhel, Nepal; Pratyanashil Community Development Society (PRAYAS-Nepal), Dhading Besi, Nepal; University of South Australia, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Human Nutrition and Food Sciences; Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia; University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Nutritional Epidemiology Research Team EREN; National Institute for Health and Medical Research (INSERM), Paris, France; SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST), Chennai, India; Children's Hospital 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, Dartmouth, MA, United States; University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Leicestershire Partnership National Health Service Trust, Leicester, United Kingdom; Nam Can Tho University, Can Tho, Viet Nam; University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece; International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences; University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan; The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, TX, United States; The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago; Federal Medical Centre, Gusau, Nigeria; National Institute of Health, Rome, Italy; University of Bahrain, Salmanya, Bahrain; Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology; Tampere University, Tampere, Finland; Raffles Neuroscience Centre; Raffles Hospital, Singapore; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagpur, India; Universidad Europea de Madrid, Villaviciosa de Odón, Spain; Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States; Research Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine, Moscow, Russian Federation; HUTECH University, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU), Islamabad, Pakistan; Lebanese American University, Byblos, Lebanon; Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China; Xiamen University Malaysia, Xiamen, China; Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Beijing, China; Shandong University, Jinan, China; Mount Sinai Health System, New York, United States; Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia; University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya; Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia; School of Public Policy and Administration; Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China; Naresuan University, Phitsanulok, Thailand; Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia; Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway; Guy's and St. Thomas' Hospital and Kings College, London, United Kingdom; Duke Kunshan University, Kunshan, China; Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, Chengdu, China; Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, United States; Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, China; Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, United States; University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China; University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, United States; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Delhi, India; Osaka University, Suita, Japan; Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Udupi, India; St. Peter's Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Biostatics, Epidemiology, and Science Computing Department; King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Süleyman Demirel Üniversitesi, Isparta, Turkey; University of Toyama School of Medicine, Toyama, Japan; Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Jackson State University, Jackson, MS, United States; Universiti Putra Malaysia, University of Putra Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Vitalant Research Institute, San Francisco, CA, United States; University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States; Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China; Rutgers University, Livingston, NJ, United States; Hodeidah University, Hodeidah, Yemen; Medical Oncology Department of Gastrointestinal Cancer; Cancer Hospital of Dalian University of Technology, Shenyang, China; Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, China; Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Occupational Hazard Identification and Control; Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China; Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China; Wuhan Polytechnic University, Wuhan, China; Army Medical University, Chongqing, China; Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China; Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China; Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China; Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran; University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom; Clinical Research Centre; An-Najah National University, Nablus, Palestine; Noncommunicable Diseases and Mental Health Department; Campus Fortaleza; Centre for Healthy Living; Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation IMPACT; Faculty of Humanities and Health Sciences; Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences; Department of Anatomy, Genetics and Biomedical Informatics; Division of Immunology, Immunity to Infection and Respiratory Medicine; North West Lung Centre; Community Medicine Department; Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology; Orthopedic Trauma Pathology Department; National Centre for Register-based Research; Australian Centre for Health Services Innovation, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology and Hematology; Peru Country Office, Peru; Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; International Department, United States; Neurology Unit; University Centre Varazdin; Clinical Medicine Department; University Paediatrics Unit; Stritch School of Medicine; South African Centre for Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis SACEMA, South Africa; Pacific Institute for Research & Evaluation, Calverton, MD, United States; Internal Medicine Programme; Department of Atherosclerosis and Coronary Heart Disease; College of Health Science; Molecular Biology Unit; QU Health; Health Systems and Policy Research Unit; Clinical Epidemiology and Public Health Research Unit; Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging; Computer, Electrical, and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division; International Laboratory for Air Quality and Health; Department of Health Policy; Unit of Pharmacotherapy, Epidemiology and Economy; Competence Center of Mortality-Follow-Up of the German National Cohort; Clinical Epidemiology Research Unit; Postgraduate in Medical Sciences; Research and Innovation Department; Second Surgical Unit; Department of Pediatrics & Pediatric Pulmonology; Department of Neuropsychiatry; Elderly Health Research Center; Research and Analytics Department; Department of Research and Analytics; Comprehensive Cancer Center; Suraj Eye Institute, Nagpur, India; National Dental Research Institute, Singapore; Department of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences and Clinical Pharmacy; Department of Medical Engineering; Cardiovascular Laboratory; Molecular Neuroscience Research Center; International Islamic University Islamabad, Islamabad, Pakistan; Department of Nephrology and Hypertension; Faculty of Applied Sciences and Technology; Department of Statistics; School of Health; Ministry of Research, Technology and Higher Education; Center of Excellence in Reproductive Health Innovation CERHI, Nigeria; Department of Applied Economics and Quantitative Analysis; PSSM Data Sciences; Health Promotion Research Center; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences; Centre for Healthy Start Initiative, Lagos, Nigeria; ENT Department; Non-communicable Disease Prevention Unit; Early Detection & Cancer Prevention Services; Faculty of Psychology; Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics; Department of Pharmacotherapy and Pharmaceutical Care; Sickle Cell Unit; One Health Global Research Group; Department of Optometry and Vision Science; Laboratory of Public Health Indicators Analysis and Health Digitalization; Department of Project Management; Miami Cancer Institute; Department of Respiratory Medicine; Hungarian Health Management Association; Privatpraxis, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences; Department of Epidemiology and Community Health; Department of Medical Humanities and Social Medicine; Department of Biomedical Data Science; School of Psychological Sciences; Center for Pharmacoepidemiology and Treatment Science; Research Center; Department of Imaging; Global Health Governance Programme; Research Consultancy; College of Dental Medicine; Centre of Molecular Medicine and Diagnostics COMManD; Second Department of Internal Medicine; Clinical Research Department; Mario Negri Institute for Pharmacological Research, Bergamo, Italy; Facultad de Medicina; Shanghai Mental Health Center; Department of Pediatric Orthopedic Surgery; Air and Climate Unit; Research School of Chemistry and Applied Biomedical Sciences; Mental Health Research Institute; Clinical Academic Department of Pediatrics; Department of Data Management and Analysis; Department of Ortopedics and Traumatology; Clinic for Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders; Independent Research Scholar, San Diego, CA, United States; Humanities and Social Sciences; Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy-DVL; Centre for Dental Education and Research; Department of Biostatistics Epidemiology and Informatics; Cihan University Sulaimaniya Research Center; UO Neurologia, Salute Pubblica e Disabilità; Pathology Department; Cihan University Sulaimaniya Research Center (CUSRC), Sulaymaniyah, Iraq; College of Communication and Information Sciences; Future Technology Research Center; Department of Nutrition Science; Department "Hospital of women and children", IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna; Centre for Chronic Disease Control, New Delhi, India; Laboratory; Department of Molecular Biology & Genetic Engineering; Health and Public Policy Department; Health Economics and Outcomes Research Department; Department of Pharmaceutical Economics and Policy; University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Department of Family Medicine; Inovus Medical, St Helens, United Kingdom; Department of Protein Research; Centre for Excellence in Pharmaceutical Sciences; Brien Holden Vision Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Unisabana Center for Translational Science; Critical Care Department; Clinical Pathology and Cancer Diagnosis; Department of Public Health Sciences; Community Health Department; Department of Clinical Research; Technical Department; Public Health Pharmacy; Department of Analytical and Applied Economics; Centro de Investigación Palmira Palmira Research Center; Advanced Campus Governador Valadares; Nursing Department; Department of Health Statistics; Department of Medical Pharmacology; Neuropsychiatric Institute; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry; Multidisciplinary Laboratory; International Center of Medical Sciences Research (ICMSR), Islamabad, Pakistan; Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biomedical Materials IRCBM; Drug Applied Research Center; Independent Consultant, Thiruvananthapuram, India; Department of Oral Pathology and Microbiology; Udyam-Global Association for Sustainable Development, Bhubaneswar, India; Faculty of Business and Computing; Department of Finance; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences; The George Institute for Global Health, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medicine and Surgery; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology; HepatoPancreatoBiliary Surgery and Liver Transplant Department; Independent Consultant, Karachi, Pakistan; Department of Clinical Review and Safety; Department of Hemato-oncology; Department of Social and Behavioral Health; Division of Microbiology and Biotechnology; Forensic Medicine& Toxicology ,Forensic odontology; Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy; National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Tokyo, Japan; Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, Helsinki, Finland; The Cooper Institute, Dallas, TX, United States; Center of Potential and Innovation of Natural Resources; Health Sciences Research Centre; Department of Nursing in Women's Health; School of Public Health and Zoonoses; Department of Radiodiagnosis; Department of Human Genetics; Department of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics; Department of Physiotherapy and Occupational Therapy; Institute of Child and Adolescent Health; Hull York Medical School; Division of Community Medicine; Nutrition and Dietetics Department; Department of Internal Disease; Occupational and Environmental Medicine Department; Schiller Institute; Barcelona Institute for Global Health, Barcelona, Spain; National Institute of Epidemiology; Mental Health Research; Division of Global Mental Health; Rural Health Research Institute; Institute of Integrated Intelligence and Systems; Department of Clinical Outcomes; Department of Clinical Research and Development; Carlos III Health Institute; School of Social Work; Living Systems Institute; Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology; Department of Environmental, Agricultural and Occupational Health; State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics LASG; Department of Research and Innovation; University Institute "Egas Moniz", Monte da Caparica, Portugal; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism; National Institute of Public Health; Department of Allied Health and Human Performance; Agency for Health Technology Assessment and Tariff System, Warsaw, Poland; SRM College of Pharmacy; Department of Health; Department of Business Analytics; Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular Pathology and Critical Care Medicine; Adult Learning Disability Service; Met Office Hadley Centre, Exeter, United Kingdom; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology; Department of Paraclinical Sciences; Department of Oncology; Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging; College of Health and Sport Sciences; UKK Institute, Tampere, Finland; Institute of Public Health of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty of Information Technology; Office of Research, Innovation, and Commercialization ORIC; School of Medicine and Dentistry Public Health; School of Nursing Sciences; Department of Critical Care and Neurosciences; Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research; Department of Chemical Toxicology; NIHR-Biomedical Research Centre; Global Health Research Center; Department of Rheumatology and Immunology; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition; Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University; Division of Gastroenterology; Department of Public Health Science; Graduate School of Medicine; Manipal College of Nursing; Independent Consultant, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Health Management; Macquarie Medical School; School of Business & Economics; Laboratory Medicine; School of Public Health and Management; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI), Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine; Tianjin Medical University General Hospital; School of Biology and Pharmaceutical Engineering; Department of Basic Medicine; Department of Thoracic Surgery; Computational Bioscience Research Center; School of Humanities and Management; School of Public Health and Emergency Management; Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center; Department of Clinical and Community Pharmacy; School of Physics; GBD Collaborating Unit; Department of Clinical Governance and Quality Improvement; Department of Juridical and Economic Studies; Doheny Eye Institute; Department of Orthopedic Surgery; Advanced Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology Research Center; Department of Tropical Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Department of Family and Community Health; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Department of Physical Pharmacy and Pharmacokinetics; Medical Laboratory Sciences; Department of Research and Development; Department of Nursing; Nigerian Institute of Medical Research; Department of Research; Internal Medicine and Alcohol Related Disease Unit; Department of Biosciences and Biotechnology; Department of Veterinary Medicine; Department of Business Administration; Department of Fisheries and Marine Bioscience; Research School of Population Health; Family and Community Health Department; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences and Advanced Technologies "GF Ingrassia"; Trivedi School of Biosciences; Section of General Internal Medicine; Department of Geography and Planning; Department of Medical Biochemistry; Department of Health and Biological Sciences; Department of Natural Sciences; Department of Medical Oncology; Department of Community Medicine and Preventive Health; Department of Women's and Children's Health; Institute of Endemic Diseases; Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute; Department of Biosciences; Brody School of Medicine; Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases; Chicago College of Osteopathic Medicine; Feinberg School of Medicine; Department of Maternal and Child Health; Communicable Diseases Adviser to Health Affairs; ME'NA-ISN Chairperson, Muscat, Oman; Department of Adult Health and Critical Care; McWilliams School of Biomedical Informatics; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Biostatistics, and Epidemiology; Clinical Epidemiology Center; Murdoch Business School; Prevention Division; Centre for Environment and Population Health; Institute of Public Health; Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology; Institute of Health Informatics; Robert Stempel College of Public Health and Social Work, FL, United States; Global Centre for Environmental Remediation; Cooperative Research Centre for Contamination Assessment and Remediation of the Environment, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Zoology; Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering; Department of Medical Rehabilitation Physiotherapy; Center for Biotechnology and Microbiology; Department of Nuclear Medicine; Department of Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation; Cystic Fibrosis Center; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; International Centre for Casemix and Clinical Coding; Bordeaux School of Public Health, France; Department of Prosthodontics and Implant Dentistry; Department of Prosthodontics; Department of Allied Medical Sciences; Macro-Fiscal Policy Department; Jaber Al Ahmad Al Sabah Hospital; Research, Policy and Training Directorate; Applied Science Research Center; Department of Specialty Internal Medicine; Lisbon Institute of Global Mental Health, Portugal; Research Group in Hospital Management and Health Policies; Research Group in Health Economics; Department of Biomedical Engineering; Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Human Toxicology; Health Policy Research Center; School of Graduate Studies; Medicine, Quran and Hadith Research Center; Department of Maternal and Child Wellbeing; Centre for Sensorimotor Performance; Department of Health Care Management; European University, Lisbon, Portugal; All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, India; Agribusiness Study Program; Regenerative Medicine, Organ Procurement and Transplantation Multi-diciplinary Center; School of Dentistry and Medical Sciences; Department of Social Sciences; Radiation Oncology Mater Olbia Hospital; Gastroenterology Department; College of Art and Science; School of Life Sciences; Department of Veterinary Pharmacology and Toxicology; Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Department of Biophysics; Department of Community Medicine and Rehabilitation; Cabrini Research; Hunter New England Population Health, Wallsend, NSW, Australia; Northumbria HealthCare NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom; School of Nursing and Public Health; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network CIBERSAM; Department of Community Health; Department of Sciences; Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology; Division of Orthopaedics; Department of food science and technology; Health Research Institute; School of Public Affairs; Center for Clinical Research and Prevention; Division of Biological Sciences; Center of Innovation, Technology and Education CITE; Dental Research Center; Heidelberg Institute of Global Health HIGH, Germany; Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, and Sleep.; Institute of Infection and Global Health; Department of Epidemiology and Health Promotion; Institute of Marketing; Competition Economics and Market Research Section; Hubert Department of Global Health, Georgia; Butte County Department of Public Health, Chico, CA, United States; Department of Pharmaceutical and Administrative Sciences; Department of Forensic Chemistry; Institutes of Applied Health Research and Translational Medicine; Institute of Applied Health Research; Public Health Research Laboratory; Global Health Neurology Lab; Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology; Medical Lab Technology; Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine; Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences; Department of Pharmacy; Department of Community and Family Medicine; General Directorate of Health Information Systems; Disease Surveillance Department; Facultad de Salud (Faculty of Health); Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine; (Transport and Road Safety TARS) Research Centre; Department of Earth, Environment, and Equity; General Medicine Service; Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology; Cancer Population Sciences Program; Department of Sports and Computer Science; Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research; HCAI, Fungal, AMR, AMU, & Sepsis Division; Big Data Institute; Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute; Global Health Research Institute; School of Public Health Sciences; Al Shifa School of Public Health; Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences; Management and Healthcare EMbeDS.; Department of Health Care; Institute for Cancer Research, Prevention and Clinical Network, Florence, Italy; Instituto de Investigação, Inovação e Desenvolvimento (Institute of Research Innovation and Development); Department of Mental Health; Department of Medical, Surgical, and Health Sciences; Public Health Unit; Department of Nutrition; Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research; Department of Renal Medicine; ICMR School of Public Health; Department of Skeletal Aging and Orthopedic Surgery; State Disease Investigation Laboratory; Heart Failure and Structural Heart Disease Unit; Department of Clinical Nutrition; Department of Oral Medicine and Radiology; Fuwai Hospital; Clinical Research Center; University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States; Division of Infectious Diseases; Department of Public Health, Administration, and Social Sciences; Iraq Field Epidemiology Training Program I-FETP; Division of Plastic Surgery; Department of Clinical Oncology; Cancer Big Data Center; RIPAS Hospital; Center for Biomedicine and Community Health; Department of AndroUrology; Health Effects Institute, Boston, MA, United States; IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi; Department of Dermatology; Public Health Foundation of India, Gurugram, India; Ingram School of Engineering, United States; Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, Australia; Medical College; Center for Nutrition and Health Research; St Paul's Eye Unit; Graduate Medical Education Department; Pharmacology Department; Division of Pathology; Research and Development Cell; Center for Health Sciences; School of Elderly Care Services and Management; Cardio- Thoraco-Vascular Department; Prasanna School of Public Heath PSPH; Office of Institutional Analysis; Post-graduate Program in Health Sciences; Department of Infection and Tropical Medicine; Child Health Analytics Research Program; Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics; Department of Community Health Nursing; Centre for Global Health Inequalities Research CHAIN; Department of Orthodontics; AlMoosa College of Health Science, Al Ahsa, Saudi Arabia; Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology Unit; Section of Adult Hematology; Department of Clinical Pathology; Department of Infectious Diseases and Public Health; Department of Animal Medicine; Department of Public Health and Tropical Medicine; Independent Consultant, Bologna, Italy; Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit; Dissemination Division; Activity Planning and Control Unit; Department of Public Health, Equity, and Human Flourishing; Third Department of Neurology; National Institute of Environmental Health; Research Center on Public Health; Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; School of Social Sciences; Department of Child Dental Health; Clinical Science Department; Department of Cardiac, Thoracic, Vascular Sciences and Public Health; Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences DISCAB; Department of Neuroscience; Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Porto, Portugal; Division of Ophthalmology; Health Services Management Training Centre; Department of Applied Social Sciences; Department of Environmental Health Sciences; Institute of Health and Wellbeing; Department of Environmental Health; Center of Health Management; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering; NCD Surveillance Unit; Institute for Leadership and Health Management; Adelaide Medical School; Department of Epidemiology and Evidence-Based Medicine; Department of Cardiac Surgery; Hudson College of Public Health; Department of Health and Social Affairs; Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program; Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine; Post Graduate School of Public Health; Department of Family and Community Medicine; Health Directorate; Diagnostic Radiology and Nuclear Medicine; Non-communicable Division NCD; Department of Preventive Cardiology; Department of Toxicology; School of Biotechnology; Department of Global Health and Population; Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Medicine; Clinician Scientist Program; College of Law and Political Science; Centre for Neuromuscular and Neurological Disorders; Perron Institute for Neurological and Translational Science, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Population Sciences; Medical Research Unit; Research Unit; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network; Department of Biomedical Engineering and Public Health; Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology; Faculty of Kinesiology; School of Allied Health; Community-Oriented Nursing Midwifery Research Center; Departamento de Salud Oral Department of Oral Health; National Agency for Strategic Research in medical education; Department of of Population Health; Division for Health Service Promotion; Department of Pulmonology; National Human Genome Research Institute NHGRI; Social and Environmental Health Research; Department of Health Promotion and Community Health Sciences; School of Health and Society; Institute of Research and Development; Department of Clinical Legal Medicine; Centre for Mental Health Research; History and Philosophy of Science; Department of Biological Sciences and Chemistry; Department of Social Sciences and Business; Department of Biomolecular Sciences; Department of Occupational Safety and Health; Department of Occupational Therapy; Health Policy and Management Department; Department of Clinical Effectiveness; Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition; Clinical Laboratory; Department of Blood Transmitted Diseases; Department of Clinical Pharmacy & Pharmacy Practice; Malaysian Academy of Pharmacy, Puchong, Malaysia; Knowledge Translation Program; Research and Development Unit; Department of Health Studies; Statistics Unit; Department of Health and Safety; Department of Neurosciences; Institute for Neurosciences; School of Pharmacy and Pharmacology; Health Informatic Lab; Melbourne School of Population and Global Health; Zoonoses Research Center; Institute of Molecular and Clinical Ophthalmology Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Economics; Institute of Family Medicine and Public Health; Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology; Department of Endocrinology; Care and Public Health Research Institute CAPHRI; Regional Institute for Population Studies; Faculty of Dentistry; Office of the Executive Director; Dr. S S Bhatnagar University Institute of Chemical Engg. & Technology; Department of Physical Therapy and Health Rehabilitation; MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit; Surgery Research Unit; Public Health Foundation of India, New Delhi, India; Julius Centre for Health Sciences and Primary Care; Department of Health Sciences and Biostatistics; Department of Human Nutrition; University Sorbonne Paris Nord; Department of Parasitology and Mycology; Research Center for Hydatid Disease in Iran; Primary Care Department; College of Health, Wellbeing and Life Sciences; College of Arts and Sciences; Global Consortium for Public Health Research; Department of Intenal Medicine; Department of Health Management and Economics; Research Department; Division of Pediatric Hospital Medicine; Cardiovascular Disease Initiative; School of Traditional Chinese Medicine; Millennium Prevention, Westwood, MA, United States; Department of International Health and Sustainable Development; Department of Nursing and Health Promotion; Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India; Institute of Clinical Medicine; Centre for Studies in Economics and Planning; Department of Health Services Research and Management; Faculty of Public Health; Department of Environment and Public Health; Heart Center; National Institute for Health Research NIHR, Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom; Department of Health Policy and Strategy; SD Gupta School of Public Health, India; Unit of Genetics and Public Health; Ministry of Health, Herrera, Panama; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy; Chief Medical Office; Mexican Institute of Ophthalmology, Queretaro, Mexico; Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology; Department of Otorhinolaryngology; International Society Doctors for the Environment, Arezzo, Italy; Health Economics Division; Independent Consultant, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam; Department of Medical Science; Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning Lab; Department of Precision Medicine; Department of Health Promotion and Health Education; Department of Dentistry; Department of Translational Health Economics; Department of Molecular Epidemiology; German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), München-Neuherberg, Germany; Department of Musculoskeletal disorders; One Health Research Group; Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine; Clinical Data Science and Evidence; Department of Chemistry; Department of Medical Biochemical Analysis; Centre for Public Health and Wellbeing; Department of Propaedeutic Surgery; Periodontal Department; Department of Health & Family Welfare; Grants, Innovation and Product Development Unit; Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy; USERN Office; Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health Program; Rama Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Uttar Pradesh, India; Smidt Heart Institute; Information and Communication Technology Research Pole Lab-STICC; Biomedical Engineering Research Center CREB; Department of Artificial Intelligence; Institute of Labour Economics; RGS Econ; Biomedical Research Networking Center for Mental Health Network (CiberSAM), Barcelona, Spain
