Nofriady Aziz, Imam Abdurrosyid, Yogi Priasetyono, Agus Sumaryanto, Badra Sanditya Rattyananda, Maharani Kusumaningrum, Zeni Ulma, Dian Adi Prastowo, Sri Wahyuningsih, Siti Aidah, Pradika Annas Kuswanto, Muhamad Hasannudin Bisri, Intan Nurhimawati, Muhammad Faiz Nurhadi, A. Alfahrozin, R. Mohammad Subekti, Dhita Ariyanti, Muhammad Rizky Romadhon, Satria Agung Saputra, Mochammad Choiril Muna
Rare earth elements (REEs) are essential materials comprising 17 elements with broad applications in advanced technologies, especially in nuclear and industrial sectors. Dysprosium (Dy), for example, is used as a dopant in thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) crystals for radiation monitoring. REEs naturally occur in minerals such as monazite and xenotime, generally forming complex compounds. Previous research has emphasized purification, with precipitation considered an important preliminary step for element separation. This study investigates the precipitation of Praseodymium (Pr), Dysprosium (Dy), Neodymium (Nd), Cerium (Ce), and Lanthanum (La) at varying temperatures and times to determine rate constants and activation energies. The results showed that optimal conditions for Pr, Dy, and Nd precipitation were 60°C for 60 min, while Ce and La reached optimal precipitation at 40°C and 30°C, respectively, at 60 min. Kinetic analysis indicated that Pr, Ce, Nd, and La followed zero-order kinetics, whereas Dy followed first-order kinetics. Activation energies varied considerably, with Ce exhibiting the highest at 72.010 kJ/mol and Nd the lowest at 6.474 kJ/mol. This research presents a comparative kinetic analysis of multiple REEs under controlled temperature variation, offering valuable data for developing scalable and efficient REE recovery systems aligned with industrial innovation efforts. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2026.
Directorate for Nuclear Facility Management (DPFK), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gedung B.J. Habibie Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat, 10340, Indonesia; Research Centre for Nuclear Material and Radioactive Waste Technology (PRTBNLR), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gedung 720 kawasan Sains dan Teknologi B.J. Habibie, Jalan Puspiptek, Muncul, Kec. Setu, Kota Tangerang Selatan, Banten, 15314, Indonesia; Research Center of Safety, Metrology, and Nuclear Quality Technology (PRTKMMN), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gedung 720 kawasan Sains dan Teknologi B.J. Habibie, Jalan Puspiptek, Muncul, Kec. Setu, Banten, Kota Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; Research Center for Computing, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jl. Tamansari no.71, Bandung, 40132, Indonesia; Universitas Negeri Semarang (UNNES), Sekarang, Gunung Pati, Central Java, Semarang, Indonesia; Politeknik Negeri Jember, Jl. Mastrip, Kotak Pos 164, East Java, Jember, 68101, Indonesia; Research Center for Nuclear Beam Analysis Technology (PRTABN), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gedung 720 kawasan Sains dan Teknologi B.J. Habibie, Jalan Puspiptek, Muncul, Kec. Setu, Banten, Kota Tangerang Selatan, 15314, Indonesia; Directorate for Laboratorium Management, Research Facility, Science and Technologi Park (DLMRFSTP), National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Gedung B.J. Habibie Jl. M.H. Thamrin No. 8, Jakarta Pusat, 10340, Indonesia; Polytechnic Institute of Nuclear Technology, PO BOX 55281, Jl Babarsari, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
