Maylia Pramono Sari, Faisal Faisal, Puji Harto, Surya Raharja, Corina Joseph
Introduction. The objective of this research is to develop a comprehensive and relevant Sustainability Disclosure Index (SDI) that can be utilized by stakeholders to measure sustainability in Indonesian Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) using legitimacy theory. Methodology. The population is Indonesian HEIs registered at the University of Indonesia Green Metrics (UIGM) in 2022, totaling 126 HEIs. The census method used in this research and triangulated methods between researchers are designed to confirm the results of content analysis carried out by researchers with experts. Results. The first finding was the development of SDI for HEIs based on the Global Reporting Initiatives (GRI), UIGM and Times Higher Education (THE) lists by considering the indicators related with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and the National Accreditation Board for Higher Education/BAN PT. 115 indicators were obtained including sustainability indicators (economic, environmental and social) as well as academic (education, research and community service). Discussion. Sustainability Assessment Tools (SATs) have previously been developed, but most of them have limitations in their theoretical frameworks and were produced before 2015 so that the dimensions measured in SATs have not yet accommodated efforts to achieve SDGs. Consequently, this research development of the new SAT can be utilized by stakeholders to more comprehensively measure sustainability HEIs in Indonesia and beyond. © 2026 Sari, Faisal, Harto, Raharja, Joseph.
Department of Accounting, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Accounting, Universitas Diponegoro, Indonesia; Department of Accounting, University Teknologi MARA, Malaysia
