Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Teguh Slamet Rudianzah, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Hendrix Noviyanto Firmansyah, Febri Budi Darsono, Rifky Ismail, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Tezara Cionita, Saleh A. Alfarraj, Sulaiman Ali Alharbi, Mohamed Abbas, Shaeen Kalathil, Mezigebu Belay
The utilization of mineral water bottle waste as raw material in the 3D printing process using PET (Polyethylene Terephthalate) filament has the potential to reduce the environmental impact of plastic waste and support the development of sustainable manufacturing technology. This study aims to determine the effect of nozzle temperature in 3D printing using PET filament made from mineral water bottle waste on the physical and mechanical properties of the products produced. This study was conducted by varying the nozzle temperature of 3D printing (250, 255, and 260). To evaluate the properties of the printed objects, tensile, hardness, compressive, and dimensional compliance tests were conducted. The results showed that the nozzle temperature significantly affected the physical and mechanical properties of the 3D printed products. Different nozzle temperatures cause variations in the structure between layers, with higher temperatures tending to produce products with better mechanical properties. Increasing nozzle temperature also has a positive impact on product dimensional accuracy, density, tensile strength, hardness, and compressive strength. However, the best temperature that produced the best balance between physical and mechanical properties was 255 °C. In addition, this research contributes to the development of sustainable manufacturing technology by utilizing plastic water bottle as an alternative raw material in the production process. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag London Ltd., part of Springer Nature 2026.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50299, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Mohan Babu University, Andhra Pradesh, Tirupati, 517102, India; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; Automotive Engineering Center (AEC), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al- Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia; Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia; Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Thandalam, Chennai, India; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, P.O. Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Ethiopian Defence University, Bishoftu, 1041, Ethiopia
