Retno Ariadi Lusiana, Rahmad Nuryanto, Dilla Dayanti, Khabibi, Nanik Wijayati, Nurwarrohman Andre Sasongko, Anugrah Ricky Wijaya
Biodiesel is a potential renewable energy source that can be used to replace fossil fuels because of its low toxicity, biodegradability, and renewability. However, biodiesel production requires long reaction times. Hence, a catalyst is needed to speed up the reaction and optimize production conditions. CS/PVA thin film catalyst immersed in NaOH has intriguing catalytic properties that can improve biodiesel conversion efficiency. In this paper, a series of chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol‑sodium hydroxide (CS/PVA-NaOH) thin films have been prepared as heterogeneous catalysts in biodiesel production. According to the FTIR spectra data, It shows that the vibrational frequency of the hydroxyl group (-OH) shifted from 3271 cm−1 to 3290 cm−1, indicating the hydrogen bond interaction between chitosan and PVA. Water uptake (45.42–218.64 %), swelling (120.63–142.99 %), porosity (62.67–243.43 %), and the durability of the thin film at pH conditions of 5–11 have been found to be the physicochemical characteristics of blended Chitosan/PVA (4/1; 3/2; 2.5/2.5; 2/3; 1/4 (v/v)). The optimal conditions for producing biodiesel were found to be around 65 °C for 90 min with an oil: methanol molar ratio of 1:7. By using a heterogeneous catalyst of CS/PVA-NaOH, the conversion efficiency from oil to biodiesel was achieved at around 95.39–99.52 %. © 2023 Elsevier B.V.
Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Semarang State University, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; Department of Chemistry, Pukyong National University, Busan, 608-737, South Korea; Department of Chemistry, State University of Malang, Malang, 65145, Indonesia
