R. Mohamat, A.B. Suriani, A. Mohamed, A. Kamari, Muqoyyanah, M.H.D. Othman, M.H. Mamat, M.K. Ahmad, M.N. Azlan, N. Hashim, M.A. Mohamed, M.D. Birowosuto, T. Soga, H.H. Kusuma, B. Astuti, K. Ali
In this study, durian shell-based activated carbon (DAC) was produced via chemical activation method by utilising durian shell and sulphuric acid (H2SO4) as the starting material and activating agent, respectively. The incorporation of H2SO4 in the DAC production process resulted an improvement in the surface properties and adsorption capacity of the produced DAC adsorbent. Field emission scanning electron microscopy analysis further showed that the produced DAC possessed a porous structure which was beneficial for dye adsorption application. Under operating conditions of 500°C and 3 hours carbonisation temperature and time, the Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area, total pore volume and BET average pore diameter were measured to be 242.03 m2/g, 0.028 cm3/g and 2.28 nm, respectively. The adsorption performance of the produced DAC was then investigated using methylene blue (MB) as the model adsorbate. The optimum MB dye removal and adsorption capacity were found to be 92.05% and 0.767 mg/g, respectively, with 0.6 g of DAC dosage, 10 ppm of initial MB dye concentration and 15 min of contact time. © (2024), (Penerbit UTHM). All Rights Reserved.
Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Tanjung Malim, 35900, Malaysia; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Perak, Tanjung Malim, 35900, Malaysia; Research Center for Nanotechnology System, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Banten, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia; Advanced Membrane Technology Research Centre (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (FCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Skudai, 81310, Malaysia; NANO-ElecTronic Centre (NET), School of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Selangor, Shah Alam, 40450, Malaysia; Microelectronic and Nanotechnology–Shamsuddin Research Centre (MiNT-SRC), Faculty of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Parit Raja, Johor, Batu Pahat, 86400, Malaysia; Institute of Microengineering and Nanoelectronics (IMEN), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, 43600, Malaysia; Łukasiewicz Research Network-PORT Polish Center for Technology Development, Stabłowicka 147, Wrocław, 54-066, Poland; Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Gokiso-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8555, Japan; Department of Physics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universitas Islam Negeri Walisongo Semarang, Central Jawa, Indonesia; Study Program of Physics, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran, Gunungpati, Central Java, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; Nano-optoelectronics Research Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38040, Pakistan
