Muhammad Akmal Afiq Ibrahim, Jamiluddin Jaafar, Nurul Ain Shakirah Azmin, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Cionita Tezara, Mohd Azahari Razali, Agustinus Purna Irawan, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Ahmed Nurye Oumer
The manufacturing process is one of the crucial elements that affect the mechanical performance of the biocomposite. The current comparative study was conducted to evaluate the mechanical performance of biocomposites manufactured via two different processes, which are compression moulding (CM) and injection moulding (IM). A combination of 20% rice husk (RH) and 80% recycled polypropylene (RPP) was prepared and tested for tensile and flexural to evaluate the mechanical performance of the composites. Additionally, morphological examinations were carried out utilizing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) to validate the results. The findings reveal that injection moulding yields superior mechanical properties to compression moulding. The IM samples present higher tensile and flexural results with 21.82MPa and 37.61MPa, respectively. In addition, the morphology analysis also reveals that the IM sample produces better interfacial adhesion between filler and matrix compared to the CM sample. Therefore, the findings from the present study summarized that the IM process had great potential in producing competitive, eco-friendly RH-RPP biocomposites for engineering applications. In addition, the study offers insightful information on the influence of manufacturing processes on the performance of RH-RPP composites, offering guidance for optimizing production techniques to enhance mechanical properties. It is expected to be able to create potential alternatives for conventional polymers for various applications, thereby contributing to sustainable development efforts in line with the sustainable development goals (SDGs), especially SDG 11 sustainable cities and communities. © 2026 Author(s).
Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Batu Pahat, 86400, Malaysia; Crashworthiness and Collisions Research Group (COLORED), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Johor, Batu Pahat, 86400, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pahang, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Tarumanagara, Jakarta Barat, 11440, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; School of Engineering and Physical Sciences, Harriot-Watt University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
