Ahmad Indra Siswantara, Illa Rizianiza, M. Hilman Gumelar Syafei, Ade Iqbal
This study investigates the energy efficiency of the pyrolysis process of sheep manure using a fixed-bed reactor. The energy efficiency was evaluated through an energy balance approach, considering operational parameters such as holding time (120–180 min), temperature (250–400 ℃), heating rate < 1℃/sec, mass of feedstock 2.5–4 kg. The results indicated that Scheme C produced the highest char yield at 72.4%, followed by Scheme D at 56.5%, Scheme B at 31.5%, and Scheme A at 30.8%. Scheme D achieved the highest energy efficiency of 81.44%, with a holding time of 180 min and a feedstock mass of 4 kg, whereas Scheme A exhibited the lowest energy efficiency at 37.26%, with a holding time of 120 min and a feedstock mass of 2.5 kg. Linear regression analysis revealed that holding time had a strong positive correlation with char yield (correlation coefficient of 0.95), while feedstock mass showed a weaker correlation with char yield (correlation coefficient of 0.22). Additionally, energy efficiency was strongly correlated with holding time (correlation coefficient of 0.92), indicating that longer holding times resulted in higher energy efficiency. However, feedstock mass had minimal impact on energy efficiency (correlation coefficient of 0.37), and energy efficiency was directly proportional to char yield (correlation coefficient of 0.82). These findings emphasize the critical role of holding time in enhancing both energy efficiency and char yield in the pyrolysis of sheep manure. © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature B.V. 2025.
Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, West Java, Kota Depok, 16424, Indonesia; Mechanical Engineering, Institut Teknologi Kalimantan, East Kalimantan, 76127, Indonesia; Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Central Java, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
