Cahyo Hasanudin, Ayu Fitrianingsih, Ida Zulaeha, Anwarul Hidayat, Suntoro Suntoro
In the era of digital transformation, adaptive and responsive learning media was needed by disabled students, especially in supporting the process of scientific literacy. On the other hand, scientific writing not only requires students to have argumentative and critical thinking skills but also requires more understanding of complex reading texts via media that can be accessed anytime and anywhere. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence-based reading application (app) designed to increase disabled students’ ability to write scientific articles. This study utilized a 4D development model (Define, Design, Develop, and Disseminate). The defining stage was conducted by identifying the needs of disabled students via a questionnaire. In the design stage, the inclusive application was designed to be accessible on the basis of the principle of universal design for learning. In the development stage, Adobe Animate was used to create interactive applications that had been validated by material and media experts. The dissemination stage included socialization and effectiveness testing with a pretest‒posttest control group design. The results of the analysis revealed a significant difference between the experimental class and the control class, with a value of t = 14.372 (p < 0.001) and an effect size of Cohen’s d = 2.14 (very large category). The value of N-Gain in the experimental group was 0.78, which indicated a high learning improvement. These findings showed that AI-based reading applications were effective and practical in supporting inclusive scientific learning for disabled students. This application became a learning innovation based on adaptive and sustainable technology in higher education. Copyright (c) 2025 The Authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro, Indonesia; English Education Department, IKIP PGRI Bojonegoro, Indonesia; Language Education Department, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia; Sekolah Tinggi Agama Buddha Negeri Sriwijaya Tangerang, Indonesia
