Firman Freaddy Busroh, Fatria Khairo, Aprila Niravita, Bhanu Prakash Nunna
The development of digital technology has transformed the way governments exercise their functions and authority. Artificial intelligence (AI) is no longer simply an administrative tool but also influences public decision-making. Despite the increased efficiency and accuracy it offers, the use of AI also raises new legal issues that are not fully addressed by existing regulations. This research seeks to critically examine the impact of AI implementation on government decision-making, emphasizing the need for legal reform and the protection of citizens’ constitutional rights. A literature review of various national and international sources revealed that Indonesia’s legal framework, such as the Electronic Information and Transactions Law, Personal Data Protection Law, and the Civil Service Law, remains limited in addressing legal liability for automated decisions, algorithm clarity, and the public’s right to an explanation of AI-based policies. A comparative study with global regulations, including the EU Artificial Intelligence Act and the OECD’s AI ethics principles, demonstrates the need for legal reform to align digital governance practices in Indonesia with democratic values, transparency, and fairness. This study emphasizes that digital transformation in the bureaucracy must be accompanied by a reformed legal framework that places human rights protection at its core. Without adequate reform, the use of AI risks creating disparities in justice and clouding government accountability in decision-making processes. © 2025 Author(s).
Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Hukum Sumpah Pemuda, Indonesia; Faculty of Law, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Indonesia; School of Law, RV University, India
