H.H. Kusuma, D.P.N. Made, M.R. Sudin, M.S. Rohani
Growth of congruent LiNbO3 (CLN) single crystals by the Czochralski method in an air atmosphere with ADC (Automatic Diameter Control) r.f. heating was investigated. The conditions required to grow high quality CLN single crystals are described. The relationship of the latter to the growth mechanism is discussed and a mechanism proposed which provides an explanation of the manner in which the crystals grow and reject impurities. The high quality CLN single crystal with growth direction of 〈104〉 and 〈001〉 was produced by effective control of growth conditions. © 2010 American Institute of Physics.
Physics Education Department, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science Education, IKIP PGRI Semarang, Indonesia; Physics Department, Faculty of Natural Science, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Sekaran Gunungpati, Semarang, Indonesia; Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia
