Kriswanto, Na'Im Faozi, J. Jamari, A.P. Bayuseno, Wirawan Sumbodo, Khoirul Huda
Dental implant crowns are commonly manufactured using high-performance, multi-axis dental milling machines. However, limited literature exists on the feasibility of using 3-axis CNC machines. This study aimed to fabricate a zirconia dental implant crown prototype using a 3-axis CNC machine and evaluate its dimensional accuracy. The prototype was designed using CAD/CAM software and produced on a GSK GUT CNC machine with GSK 218MC-H control. Machining was performed in two stages - roughing and finishing - using toolpaths such as optirough, surface rough contour, and equal scallop. Machining parameters were calculated based on standard titanium alloy values for surface feed per minute (SFM) and inch per tooth (IPT). Dimensional measurements were conducted using a digital vernier caliper, and macroscopic photographs were analyzed via Infinity Analyze software. The prototype showed a maximum dimensional deviation of 0.01 mm or less than 1% from the original design, within the accepted anatomical variation for the first premolar tooth (0.50-0.79 mm). These results demonstrate that 3-axis CNC machining can effectively serve as an alternative to multi-axis milling for producing dental crowns with precise dimensions. © 2025 Author(s).
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Diponegoro, Central Java, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Central Java, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia
