Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Sivasubramanian Palanisamy, Yazid Surya Wicaksana, Samsudin Anis, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Tezara Cionita, Kumar Sureshkumar, Aravindhan Alagarsamy, Nadir Ayrilmis, Mohamed Abbas, Shaeen Kalathil, Md Zillur Rahman
In order to restore near-normal gait patterns and increase patients' mobility post-amputation, prosthetic sockets are crucial. Currently, few 3D-printed prosthetic sockets are available, and little research has been conducted on their mechanical performance. Thus, the purpose of this study is to assess and characterize the performance of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polycarbonate (PC), and polyamide 6/Nylon 6 (PA6) materials in prosthetic sockets fabricated via 3D printing. The heel-strike phase was determined to be the most critical condition in this study, and finite element technique simulations were used to consider the loads caused during the gait cycle. Findings demonstrated the superior strength and durability of the PC material, with the highest safety factor of 1.697 and a maximum Von-Mises stress of 36.49 MPa. The PET material provides the finest balance between strength and cost-effectiveness, while the PA6 material delivers the best strength and flexibility with a total deformation of 16.01 mm. This study offers suggestions for choosing materials to improve the ultimate functionality of prosthetic sockets made using 3D printing technology in clinical applications. © 2025 The Royal Society of Chemistry.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, P T R College of Engineering & Technology, Thanapandian Nagar, Madurai - Tirumangalam Road, Tamil Nadu, Madurai, 625008, India; Centre for Automotive Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pahang, 26600, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering, Built Environment & Information Technology, SEGi University, Selangor, 47810, Malaysia; Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, 522501, India; Department of Wood Mechanics and Technology, Faculty of Forestry, Istanbul University - Cerrahpasa, Bahcekoy, Sariyer, Istanbul, 34473, Turkey; Electrical Engineering Department, College of Engineering, King Khalid University, Abha, 61421, Saudi Arabia; Department of Condensed Matter Physics, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, SIMATS, Chennai, India; Department of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, P.O.Box 84428, Riyadh, 11671, Saudi Arabia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ahsanullah University of Science and Technology, Dhaka, 1208, Bangladesh
