Rifky Ismail, Deni Fajar Fitriyana, Muhammad Dzaky Arizsa Athallah, Fariz Wisda Nugraha, Baharudin Priwintoko, Athanasius Priharyoto Bayuseno, Samsudin Anis, Januar Parlaungan Siregar, Tezara Cionita, Dwi Novriadi, Opa Fajar Muslim
The invention of three-dimensional (3D) printing has transformed the medical field, offering sophisticated and accurate options for surgery planning, education, and individualized therapy. Although 3D printing is widely used, little is known about how the parameters of the process affect the properties of composites reinforced with hydroxyapatite (HA) that has been derived from crab shells. The present study investigates the influence of nozzle temperature in fused deposition modeling (FDM) on the physical, mechanical and degrading properties of PLA/PCL/HA biocomposite specimens, assessing their viability as biodegradable implant materials. The biocomposites were produced with a mixture of polylactic acid (PLA), polycaprolactone (PCL), and hydroxyapatite (HA) sourced from crab shells. The nozzle temperature during the printing process was adjusted between 190°C and 215°C to assess its impact on key properties, including density, flexural strength, flexural modulus, and degradation rate. The results highlight the significance of nozzle temperature in affecting the performance of the biocomposites. The specimens produced at 205°C exhibited superior mechanical properties, featuring a flexural strength of 41.09 MPa, a flexural modulus of 474.789 MPa, and a density of 1.28 g/cm³, closely resembling the mechanical and density attributes of human cortical bone. Furthermore, this specimen demonstrated the lowest degradation rate, rendering it very appropriates for biomedical applications. This study utilizes crab shell waste to create biodegradable medical implants, enhancing healthcare while reducing environmental impact. Advanced 3D printing integrates sustainable practices, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) like Good Health (SDG 3), Innovation (SDG 9), and Marine Sustainability (SDG 14). © 2025, Semarak Ilmu Publishing. All rights reserved.
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Kampus Sekaran, Gunungpati, Semarang, 50229, Indonesia; Center for Biomechanics, Biomaterial, Biomechatronics, and Biosignal Processing (CBIOM3s), Diponegoro University, Semarang, 50275, Indonesia; Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas PGRI Semarang, Semarang, 50232, Indonesia; Automotive Engineering Center (AEC), Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah (UMPSA), Pahang, Malaysia; Faculty of Mechanical & Automotive Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Pekan, 26600, Malaysia; Faculty of Engineering and Quantity Surveying, INTI International University, Nilai, Malaysia; Research Centre for Polymers Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), 460 Building Puspiptek Area, Banten, South Tangerang, 15314, Indonesia
