Marthinus Yohanes Ruamba, Yohanes Leonardus Sukestiyarno, Rochmad Rochmad, Tri Sri Noor Asih
This study investigates how visual and multi-modal representations can reduce cognitive load and enhance problem-solving skills in mathematics. Through a systematic literature review following the PRISMA methodology, we analyzed studies (2014–2023) on the effects of visual, symbolic, and interactive representations in supporting mathematical understanding. Findings reveal that digital tools and multi-modal approaches significantly improve students' grasp of abstract concepts while increasing engagement and motivation. The study emphasizes adapting instructional design to learners' cognitive needs across educational levels, advocating for interactive strategies to strengthen critical thinking and retention. Future research should explore long-term impacts and extend to diverse cultural and educational contexts. © 2025 The Authors.
Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Semarang State University, Semarang, Indonesia
