Yan Wisnu Prajoko, Didik Setyo Heriyanto, Bayu Tirta Dirja, Susanto Susanto, Vincent Lau, Andrew Nobiantoro Gunawan, Brigitta Natasya Halim, Nur Dina Amalina
Breast cancer (BC) is a global health concern with significant mortality rates, necessitating a deep understanding of its molecular landscape. Luminal A and B BC, characterized by estrogen receptor (ER) and/or progesterone receptor (PR) positivity, face challenges in endocrine therapy due to acquired resistance, frequently driven by PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway activation. This study focuses on the frequency of PIK3CA mutations across molecular subtypes BC within the Indonesian population. The study analyzed collected samples from diverse Indonesian regions, representing various islands. Histopathological analysis and immunohistochemistry classified samples into molecular subtypes. Genetic analysis using PIK3CA mutation detection kits revealed a mutation frequency of 32.9%, with 30 (14.5%) samples located in exon 9 and 38 (18.4%) samples in exon 20. Statistical analyses highlighted associations between PIK3CA mutations and molecular subtypes (p = 0.029), with luminal B HER2-negative (40.5%) and luminal A (40.2%) exhibiting the highest mutation rate. A significant association was also observed between the exon location of only mutated PIK3CA samples and age group (p < 0.001), with most of the PIK3CA exon 9 being ≤ 50 years old (72.4%) and PIK3CA exon 20 being > 50 years old. No statistically significant association was observed between the location of PIK3CA mutation (exons 9 and 20) and the breast site, histopathological diagnosis, and molecular subtypes. Comparisons with existing literature and inconsistencies in PIK3CA mutation frequencies across different BC subtypes underline the need for population-specific research. The study emphasizes the importance of assessing PIK3CA mutations in; BC management, offering insights for personalized therapies and potential advancements in understanding this complex disease within the Indonesian context. © 2025 Prajoko et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Department of Surgical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Anatomical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Surgery, Division of Cardiac, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health, and Nursing, Dr. Sardjito General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Collaboration Research Center for Precision Oncology based Omics- PKR PrOmics, Yogyakarta, Indonesia; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Mataram University, Mataram, Indonesia; Semarang Medical Center (SMC), Telogorejo Hospital, Semarang, Indonesia; Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Negeri Semarang, Semarang, Indonesia
